Raster Properties Dialog¶

Information Properties¶

The Information tab is read-only and represents an interesting place to quickly grab summarized information and metadata on the current layer. Provided information are:

• based on the provider of the layer (format of storage, path, data type, extent, width/height, compression, pixel size, statistics on bands, number of columns, rows and no-data values of the raster…);
• picked from the filled metadata: access, links, contacts, history… as well as data information (CRS, Extent, bands…).

Source Properties¶

The Source tab displays basic information about the selected raster, including:

• the Layer name to display in the Layers Panel;
• setting the Coordinate Reference System: Displays the layer’s Coordinate Reference System (CRS) as a PROJ.4 string. You can change the layer’s CRS, selecting a recently used one in the drop-down list or clicking on ^{Select CRS} button (see Coordinate Reference System Selector). Use this process only if the CRS applied to the layer is a wrong one or if none was applied. If you wish to reproject your data into another CRS, rather use layer reprojection algorithms from Processing or Save it into another layer.

Raster Layers - Source Properties Dialog

Symbology Properties¶

Band rendering¶

QGIS offers four different Render types. The renderer chosen is dependent on the data type.

1. Multiband color - if the file comes as a multiband with several bands (e.g., used with a satellite image with several bands).
2. Paletted/Unique values - for single band files that come with an indexed palette (e.g., used with a digital topographic map) or for general use of palettes for rendering raster layers.
3. Singleband gray - (one band of) the image will be rendered as gray; QGIS will choose this renderer if the file has neither multibands nor an indexed palette nor a continuous palette (e.g., used with a shaded relief map).
4. Singleband pseudocolor - this renderer is possible for files with a continuous palette, or color map (e.g., used with an elevation map).
5. Hillshade - Creates hillshade from a band.

Multiband color¶

With the multiband color renderer, three selected bands from the image will be rendered, each band representing the red, green or blue component that will be used to create a color image. You can choose several Contrast enhancement methods: ‘No enhancement’, ‘Stretch to MinMax’, ‘Stretch and clip to MinMax’ and ‘Clip to min max’.

Raster Symbology - Multiband color rendering

This selection offers you a wide range of options to modify the appearance of your raster layer. First of all, you have to get the data range from your image. This can be done by choosing the Extent and pressing Load. QGIS can Estimate (faster) the Min and Max values of the bands or use the Actual (slower) Accuracy.

Now you can scale the colors with the help of the Load min/max values section. A lot of images have a few very low and high data. These outliers can be eliminated using the Cumulative count cut setting. The standard data range is set from 2% to 98% of the data values and can be adapted manually. With this setting, the gray character of the image can disappear. With the scaling option Min/max, QGIS creates a color table with all of the data included in the original image (e.g., QGIS creates a color table with 256 values, given the fact that you have 8 bit bands). You can also calculate your color table using the Mean +/- standard deviation x . Then, only the values within the standard deviation or within multiple standard deviations are considered for the color table. This is useful when you have one or two cells with abnormally high values in a raster grid that are having a negative impact on the rendering of the raster.

All calculations can also be made for the Current extent.

Tip

Viewing a Single Band of a Multiband Raster

If you want to view a single band of a multiband image (for example, Red), you might think you would set the Green and Blue bands to “Not Set”. But this is not the correct way. To display the Red band, set the image type to ‘Singleband gray’, then select Red as the band to use for Gray.

Paletted/Unique values¶

This is the standard render option for singleband files that already include a color table, where each pixel value is assigned to a certain color. In that case, the palette is rendered automatically. If you want to change colors assigned to certain values, just double-click on the color and the Select color dialog appears. Also, in QGIS it’s possible to assign a label to the color values. The label appears in the legend of the raster layer then.

This option can be used for rendering all raster bands using a palette, assigning a color to each unique raster value.

Raster Symbology - Paletted unique value rendering

Contrast enhancement

Note

When adding GRASS rasters, the option Contrast enhancement will always be set automatically to stretch to min max, regardless of if this is set to another value in the QGIS general options.

Singleband gray¶

This renderer allows you to render a single band layer with a Color gradient: ‘Black to white’ or ‘White to black’. You can define a Min and a Max value by choosing the Extent first and then pressing Load. QGIS can Estimate (faster) the Min and Max values of the bands or use the Actual (slower) Accuracy.

Raster Symbology - Singleband gray rendering

With the Load min/max values section, scaling of the color table is possible. Outliers can be eliminated using the Cumulative count cut setting. The standard data range is set from 2% to 98% of the data values and can be adapted manually. With this setting, the gray character of the image can disappear. Further settings can be made with Min/max and Mean +/- standard deviation x . While the first one creates a color table with all of the data included in the original image, the second creates a color table that only considers values within the standard deviation or within multiple standard deviations. This is useful when you have one or two cells with abnormally high values in a raster grid that are having a negative impact on the rendering of the raster.

Singleband pseudocolor¶

This is a render option for single-band files, including a continuous palette. You can also create individual color maps for the single bands here.

Raster Symbology - Singleband pseudocolor rendering

Three types of color interpolation are available:

1. Discrete
2. Linear
3. Exact

You can choose the band on which QGIS will render the layer, then define a Min and Max value.

Defining Min/Max values can be done with the help of the Load min/max values section. A lot of images have a few very low and high data. These outliers can be eliminated using the Cumulative count cut setting. The standard data range is set from 2% to 98% of the data values and can be adapted manually.

With this setting, the gray character of the image can disappear. With the scaling option Min/max, QGIS creates a color table with all of the data included in the original image (e.g., QGIS creates a color table with 256 values, given the fact that you have 8 bit bands). You can also calculate your color table using the Mean +/- standard deviation x . Then, only the values within the standard deviation or within multiple standard deviations are considered for the color table.

In the next part, Interpolation allows you to choose which interpolation mode to use between:

• Discrete (a <= symbol appears in the value column);
• Linear;
• Exact (an equal symbol appears in the Value column);

The Color ramp drop down list lists the color ramp in your QGIS. You can add a new one, edit or save the one you changed. The name of the color ramp will be saved in the configuration and in the QML files.

The Label unit suffix is a label added after the value in the legend.

For the classification Mode ‘Equal interval’, you only need to select the number of classes and press the button Classify. In the case of the Mode ‘Continuous’, QGIS creates classes automatically depending on the Min and Max.

The button ^{Add values manually} adds a value to the individual color table. The button ^{Remove selected row} deletes a value from the individual color table. Double clicking on the value column lets you insert a specific value. Double clicking on the color column opens the dialog Change color, where you can select a color to apply on that value. Further, you can also add labels for each color, but this value won’t be displayed when you use the identify feature tool.

You can use the buttons ^{Load color map from file} or ^{Export color map to file} to load an existing color table or to save the defined color table for other sessions.

The Clip out of range values allows QGIS to not render pixel greater than the Max value.

Hillshade¶

Render a band of the raster layer using hillshading.

Raster Symbology - Hillshade rendering

Options:

• Band: The raster band to use.
• Altitude: The elevation angle of the light source (default is 45°).
• Azimuth: The azimuth of the light source (default is 315).
• Z Factor: Scaling factor for the values of the raster band (default is 1).
• Multidirectional: Specify if multidirectional hillshading is to be used (default is off).

Resampling¶

The Resampling option makes its appearance when you zoom in and out of an image. Resampling modes can optimize the appearance of the map. They calculate a new gray value matrix through a geometric transformation.

Raster Symbology - Color rendering and Resampling settings

When applying the ‘Nearest neighbour’ method, the map can have a pixelated structure when zooming in. This appearance can be improved by using the ‘Bilinear’ or ‘Cubic’ method, which cause sharp features to be blurred. The effect is a smoother image. This method can be applied, for instance, to digital topographic raster maps.

At the bottom of the Symbology tab, you can see a thumbnail of the layer, its legend symbol, and the palette.

Transparency Properties¶

QGIS has the ability to display each raster layer at a different transparency level. Use the transparency slider to indicate to what extent the underlying layers (if any) should be visible through the current raster layer. This is very useful if you like to overlay more than one raster layer (e.g., a shaded relief map overlayed by a classified raster map). This will make the look of the map more three dimensional.

Raster Transparency

Additionally, you can enter a raster value that should be treated as NODATA in the Additional no data value option.

An even more flexible way to customize the transparency can be done in the Custom transparency options section:

• Use Transparency band to apply transparency on an entire band.

• Provide a list of pixels to make transparent with the corresponding level of transparency:

  1. Click the ^{Add values manually} button. A new row will appear in the pixel list.
  2. Enter the Red, Green and Blue values of the pixel and adjust the Percent Transparent to apply.
  3. Alternatively, you can directly fetch the pixel values directly from the raster using the ^{Add values from display} button. Then enter the transparency value.
  4. Repeat the steps to adjust more values with custom transparency.
  5. Press the Apply button and have a look at the map.

  As you can see, it is quite easy to set custom transparency, but it can be quite a lot of work. Therefore, you can use the button ^{Export to file} to save your transparency list to a file. The button ^{Import from file} loads your transparency settings and applies them to the current raster layer.

Histogram Properties¶

The Histogram tab allows you to view the distribution of the bands or colors in your raster. The histogram is generated when you press the Compute Histogram button. All existing bands will be displayed together. You can save the histogram as an image with the button.

At the bottom of the histogram, you can select a raster band in the drop-down menu and Set min/max style for it. The Prefs/Actions drop-down menu gives you advanced options to customize the histogram:

• With the Visibility option, you can display histograms of the individual bands. You will need to select the option Show selected band.
• The Min/max options allow you to ‘Always show min/max markers’, to ‘Zoom to min/max’ and to ‘Update style to min/max’.
• The Actions option allows you to ‘Reset’ or ‘Recompute histogram’ after you changed the min or max values of the band(s).

Raster Histogram

Rendering Properties¶

In the Rendering tab, it’s possible to:

• apply a Scale dependent visibility to the layer: You can set the Maximum (inclusive) and Minimum (exclusive) scale, defining a range of scale in which the layer will be visible. Out of this range, it’s hidden. The ^{Set to current canvas scale} button helps you use the current map canvas scale as boundary of the range visibility. See Scale Dependent Rendering for more information.
• Refresh layer at interval (seconds): set a timer to automatically refresh individual layers at a matching interval. Canvas updates are deferred in order to avoid refreshing multiple times if more than one layer has an auto update interval set.

You can set the Maximum (inclusive) and Minimum (exclusive) scale, defining a range of scale in which the layer will be visible. Out of this range, it’s hidden. The ^{Set to current canvas scale} button helps you use the current map canvas scale as boundary of the range visibility. See Scale Dependent Rendering for more information.

Raster Rendering

Pyramids Properties¶

Large resolution raster layers can slow navigation in QGIS. By creating lower resolution copies of the data (pyramids), performance can be considerably improved, as QGIS selects the most suitable resolution to use depending on the level of zoom.

You must have write access in the directory where the original data is stored to build pyramids.

From the Resolutions list, select resolutions for which you want to create pyramid by clicking on them.

If you choose Internal (if possible) from the Overview format drop-down menu, QGIS tries to build pyramids internally.

If you choose External and External (Erdas Imagine) the pyramids will be created in a file next to the original raster with the same name and a .ovr extension.

Several Resampling methods can be used to calculate the pyramids:

• Nearest Neighbour
• Average
• Gauss
• Cubic
• Cubic Spline
• Laczos
• Mode
• None

Finally, click Build Pyramids to start the process.

Raster Pyramids

Metadata Properties¶

The Metadata tab provides you with options to create and edit a metadata report on your layer. See vector layer metadata properties for more information.

Legend Properties¶

The Legend tab provides you with a list of widgets you can embed within the layer tree in the Layers panel. The idea is to have a way to quickly access some actions that are often used with the layer (setup transparency, filtering, selection, style or other stuff…).

By default, QGIS provides transparency widget but this can be extended by plugins registering their own widgets and assign custom actions to layers they manage.

QGIS Server Properties¶

The QGIS Server tab displays a wealth of information about the raster layer, including statistics about each band in the current raster layer. From this tab, entries may be made for the Description, Attribution, MetadataUrl and Properties. In Properties, statistics are gathered on a ‘need to know’ basis, so it may well be that a given layer’s statistics have not yet been collected.

QGIS Server in Raster Properties