24.1.13. Vector analysis

24.1.13.1. Basic statistics for fields

Generates basic statistics for a field of the attribute table of a vector layer.

Numeric, date, time and string fields are supported.

The statistics returned will depend on the field type.

Statistics are generated as an HTML file and are available in the Processing ► Results viewer.

Default menu: Vector ► Analysis Tools

Parameters

Label

名称

Type

Description

Input vector

INPUT_LAYER

[vector: any]

Vector layer to calculate the statistics on

Field to calculate statistics on

FIELD_NAME

[tablefield: any]

Any supported table field to calculate the statistics

Statistics

OUTPUT_HTML_FILE

[html]

HTML file for the calculated statistics

Outputs

Label

名称

Type

Description

Statistics

OUTPUT_HTML_FILE

[html]

HTML file with the calculated statistics

Count

COUNT

[number]

Number of unique values

UNIQUE

[number]

Number of empty (null) values

EMPTY

[number]

Number of non-empty values

FILLED

[number]

Minimum value

MIN

[same as input]

Maximum value

MAX

[same as input]

Minimum length

MIN_LENGTH

[number]

Maximum length

MAX_LENGTH

[number]

Mean length

MEAN_LENGTH

[number]

Coefficient of Variation

CV

[number]

Sum

SUM

[number]

Mean value

MEAN

[number]

Standard deviation

STD_DEV

[number]

Range

RANGE

[number]

Median

MEDIAN

[number]

Minority (rarest occurring value)

MINORITY

[same as input]

Majority (most frequently occurring value)

MAJORITY

[same as input]

First quartile

FIRSTQUARTILE

[number]

Third quartile

THIRDQUARTILE

[number]

Interquartile Range (IQR)

IQR

[number]

Python code

Algorithm ID: qgis:basicstatisticsforfields

import processing
processing.run("algorithm_id", {parameter_dictionary})

The algorithm id is displayed when you hover over the algorithm in the Processing Toolbox. The parameter dictionary provides the parameter NAMEs and values. See Using processing algorithms from the console for details on how to run processing algorithms from the Python console.

24.1.13.2. Climb along line

Calculates the total climb and descent along line geometries. The input layer must have Z values present. If Z values are not available, the Drape (set Z value from raster) algorithm may be used to add Z values from a DEM layer.

The output layer is a copy of the input layer with additional fields that contain the total climb (climb), total descent (descent), the minimum elevation (minelev) and the maximum elevation (maxelev) for each line geometry. If the input layer contains fields with the same names as these added fields, they will be renamed (field names will be altered to "name_2", "name_3", etc, finding the first non-duplicate name).

Parameters

Label

名称

Type

Description

Line layer

INPUT

[vector: line]

Line layer to calculate the climb for. Must have Z values

Climb layer

OUTPUT

[vector: line]

The output (line) layer

Outputs

Label

名称

Type

Description

Climb layer

OUTPUT

[vector: line]

Line layer containing new attributes with the results from climb calculations.

Total climb

TOTALCLIMB

[number]

The sum of the climb for all the line geometries in the input layer

Total descent

TOTALDESCENT

[number]

The sum of the descent for all the line geometries in the input layer

Minimum elevation

MINELEVATION

[number]

The minimum elevation for the geometries in the layer

Maximum elevation

MAXELEVATION

[number]

The maximum elevation for the geometries in the layer

Python code

Algorithm ID: qgis:climbalongline

import processing
processing.run("algorithm_id", {parameter_dictionary})

The algorithm id is displayed when you hover over the algorithm in the Processing Toolbox. The parameter dictionary provides the parameter NAMEs and values. See Using processing algorithms from the console for details on how to run processing algorithms from the Python console.

24.1.13.3. Count points in polygon

Takes a point and a polygon layer and counts the number of points from the point layer in each of the polygons of the polygon layer.

A new polygon layer is generated, with the exact same content as the input polygon layer, but containing an additional field with the points count corresponding to each polygon.

../../../../_images/count_points_polygon.png

图 24.26 The labels in the polygons show the point count

An optional weight field can be used to assign weights to each point. Alternatively, a unique class field can be specified. If both options are used, the weight field will take precedence and the unique class field will be ignored.

Default menu: Vector ► Analysis Tools

Parameters

Label

名称

Type

Description

Polygons

POLYGONS

[vector: polygon]

Polygon layer whose features are associated with the count of points they contain

Points

POINTS

[vector: point]

Point layer with features to count

Weight field

Optional

WEIGHT

[tablefield: any]

A field from the point layer. The count generated will be the sum of the weight field of the points contained by the polygon. If the weight field is not numeric, the count will be 0.

Class field

Optional

CLASSFIELD

[tablefield: any]

Points are classified based on the selected attribute and if several points with the same attribute value are within the polygon, only one of them is counted. The final count of the points in a polygon is, therefore, the count of different classes that are found in it.

Count field name

FIELD

[string]

Default: 'NUMPOINTS'

The name of the field to store the count of points

Count

OUTPUT

[vector: polygon]

Specification of the output layer

Outputs

Label

名称

Type

Description

Count

OUTPUT

[vector: polygon]

Resulting layer with the attribute table containing the new column with the points count

24.1.13.4. DBSCAN clustering

Clusters point features based on a 2D implementation of Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm.

The algorithm requires two parameters, a minimum cluster size, and the maximum distance allowed between clustered points.

Parameters

Label

名称

Type

Description

Input layer

INPUT

[vector: point]

Layer to analyze

Minimum cluster size

MIN_SIZE

[number]

Default: 5

Minimum number of features to generate a cluster

Maximum distance between clustered points

EPS

[number]

Default: 1.0

Distance beyond which two features can not belong to the same cluster (eps)

Cluster field name

FIELD_NAME

[string]

Default: 'CLUSTER_ID'

Name of the field where the associated cluster number shall be stored

Treat border points as noise (DBSCAN*)

Optional

DBSCAN*

[boolean]

Default: False

If checked, points on the border of a cluster are themselves treated as unclustered points, and only points in the interior of a cluster are tagged as clustered.

Clusters

OUTPUT

[vector: point]

Vector layer for the result of the clustering

Outputs

Label

名称

Type

Description

Clusters

OUTPUT

[vector: point]

Vector layer containing the original features with a field setting the cluster they belong to

Number of clusters

NUM_CLUSTERS

[number]

The number of clusters discovered

Python code

Algorithm ID: qgis:dbscanclustering

import processing
processing.run("algorithm_id", {parameter_dictionary})

The algorithm id is displayed when you hover over the algorithm in the Processing Toolbox. The parameter dictionary provides the parameter NAMEs and values. See Using processing algorithms from the console for details on how to run processing algorithms from the Python console.

24.1.13.5. Distance matrix

Calculates for point features distances to their nearest features in the same layer or in another layer.

Default menu: Vector ► Analysis Tools

Parameters

Label

名称

Type

Description

Input point layer

INPUT

[vector: point]

Point layer for which the distance matrix is calculated (from points)

Input unique ID field

INPUT_FIELD

[tablefield: any]

Field to use to uniquely identify features of the input layer. Used in the output attribute table.

Target point layer

TARGET

[vector: point]

Point layer containing the nearest point(s) to search (to points)

Target unique ID field

TARGET_FIELD

[tablefield: any]

Field to use to uniquely identify features of the target layer. Used in the output attribute table.

Output matrix type

MATRIX_TYPE

[enumeration]

Default: 0

Different types of calculation are available:

  • 0 --- Linear (N * k x 3) distance matrix: for each input point, reports the distance to each of the k nearest target points. The output matrix consists of up to k rows per input point, and each row has three columns: InputID, TargetID and Distance.

  • 1 --- Standard (N x T) distance matrix

  • 2 --- Summary distance matrix (mean, std. dev., min, max): for each input point, reports statistics on the distances to its target points.

Use only the nearest (k) target points

NEAREST_POINTS

[number]

Default: 0

You can choose to calculate the distance to all the points in the target layer (0) or limit to a number (k) of closest features.

Distance matrix

OUTPUT

[vector: point]

Outputs

Label

名称

Type

Description

Distance matrix

OUTPUT

[vector: point]

Point (or MultiPoint for the "Linear (N * k x 3)" case) vector layer containing the distance calculation for each input feature. Its features and attribute table depend on the selected output matrix type.

Python code

Algorithm ID: qgis:distancematrix

import processing
processing.run("algorithm_id", {parameter_dictionary})

The algorithm id is displayed when you hover over the algorithm in the Processing Toolbox. The parameter dictionary provides the parameter NAMEs and values. See Using processing algorithms from the console for details on how to run processing algorithms from the Python console.

24.1.13.6. Distance to nearest hub (line to hub)

Creates lines that join each feature of an input vector to the nearest feature in a destination layer. Distances are calculated based on the center of each feature.

../../../../_images/distance_hub.png

图 24.27 Display the nearest hub for the red input features

Parameters

Label

名称

Type

Description

Source points layer

INPUT

[vector: any]

Vector layer for which the nearest feature is searched

Destination hubs layer

HUBS

[vector: any]

Vector layer containing the features to search for

Hub layer name attribute

FIELD

[tablefield: any]

Field to use to uniquely identify features of the destination layer. Used in the output attribute table

Measurement unit

UNIT

[enumeration]

Default: 0

Units in which to report the distance to the closest feature:

  • 0 --- Meters

  • 1 --- Feet

  • 2 --- Miles

  • 3 --- Kilometers

  • 4 --- Layer units

Hub distance

OUTPUT

[vector: line]

Line vector layer for the distance matrix output

Outputs

Label

名称

Type

Description

Hub distance

OUTPUT

[vector: line]

Line vector layer with the attributes of the input features, the identifier of their closest feature and the calculated distance.

Python code

Algorithm ID: qgis:distancetonearesthublinetohub

import processing
processing.run("algorithm_id", {parameter_dictionary})

The algorithm id is displayed when you hover over the algorithm in the Processing Toolbox. The parameter dictionary provides the parameter NAMEs and values. See Using processing algorithms from the console for details on how to run processing algorithms from the Python console.

24.1.13.7. Distance to nearest hub (points)

Creates a point layer representing the center of the input features with the addition of two fields containing the identifier of the nearest feature (based on its center point) and the distance between the points.

Parameters

Label

名称

Type

Description

Source points layer

INPUT

[vector: any]

Vector layer for which the nearest feature is searched

Destination hubs layer

HUBS

[vector: any]

Vector layer containing the features to search for

Hub layer name attribute

FIELD

[tablefield: any]

Field to use to uniquely identify features of the destination layer. Used in the output attribute table

Measurement unit

UNIT

[enumeration]

Default: 0

Units in which to report the distance to the closest feature:

  • 0 --- Meters

  • 1 --- Feet

  • 2 --- Miles

  • 3 --- Kilometers

  • 4 --- Layer units

Hub distance

OUTPUT

[vector: point]

Point vector layer for the distance matrix output.

Outputs

Label

名称

Type

Description

Hub distance

OUTPUT

[vector: point]

Point vector layer with the attributes of the input features, the identifier of their closest feature and the calculated distance.

Python code

Algorithm ID: qgis:distancetonearesthubpoints

import processing
processing.run("algorithm_id", {parameter_dictionary})

The algorithm id is displayed when you hover over the algorithm in the Processing Toolbox. The parameter dictionary provides the parameter NAMEs and values. See Using processing algorithms from the console for details on how to run processing algorithms from the Python console.

24.1.13.8. Join by lines (hub lines)

Creates hub and spoke diagrams by connecting lines from points on the Spoke layer to matching points in the Hub layer.

Determination of which hub goes with each point is based on a match between the Hub ID field on the hub points and the Spoke ID field on the spoke points.

If input layers are not point layers, a point on the surface of the geometries will be taken as the connecting location.

Optionally, geodesic lines can be created, which represent the shortest path on the surface of an ellipsoid. When geodesic mode is used, it is possible to split the created lines at the antimeridian (±180 degrees longitude), which can improve rendering of the lines. Additionally, the distance between vertices can be specified. A smaller distance results in a denser, more accurate line.

../../../../_images/join_lines.png

图 24.28 Join points based on a common field / attribute

Parameters

Label

名称

Type

Description

Hub layer

HUBS

[vector: any]

Input layer

Hub ID field

HUB_FIELD

[tablefield: any]

Field of the hub layer with ID to join

Hub layer fields to copy (leave empty to copy all fields)

Optional

HUB_FIELDS

[tablefield: any] [list]

The field(s) of the hub layer to be copied. If no field(s) are chosen all fields are taken.

Spoke layer

SPOKES

[vector: any]

Additional spoke point layer

Spoke ID field

SPOKE_FIELD

[tablefield: any]

Field of the spoke layer with ID to join

Spoke layer fields to copy (leave empty to copy all fields)

Optional

SPOKE_FIELDS

[tablefield: any] [list]

Field(s) of the spoke layer to be copied. If no fields are chosen all fields are taken.

Create geodesic lines

GEODESIC

[boolean]

Default: False

Create geodesic lines (the shortest path on the surface of an ellipsoid)

Distance between vertices (geodesic lines only)

GEODESIC_DISTANCE

[number]

Default: 1000.0 (kilometers)

Distance between consecutive vertices (in kilometers). A smaller distance results in a denser, more accurate line

Split lines at antimeridian (±180 degrees longitude)

ANTIMERIDIAN_SPLIT

[boolean]

Default: False

Split lines at ±180 degrees longitude (to improve rendering of the lines)

Hub lines

OUTPUT

[vector: line]

The resulting line layer

Outputs

Label

名称

Type

Description

Hub lines

OUTPUT

[vector: line]

The resulting line layer

Python code

Algorithm ID: qgis:hublines

import processing
processing.run("algorithm_id", {parameter_dictionary})

The algorithm id is displayed when you hover over the algorithm in the Processing Toolbox. The parameter dictionary provides the parameter NAMEs and values. See Using processing algorithms from the console for details on how to run processing algorithms from the Python console.

24.1.13.9. K-means clustering

Calculates the 2D distance based k-means cluster number for each input feature.

K-means clustering aims to partition the features into k clusters in which each feature belongs to the cluster with the nearest mean. The mean point is represented by the barycenter of the clustered features.

If input geometries are lines or polygons, the clustering is based on the centroid of the feature.

../../../../_images/kmeans.png

图 24.29 A five class point clusters

Parameters

Label

名称

Type

Description

Input layer

INPUT

[vector: any]

Layer to analyze

Number of clusters

CLUSTERS

[number]

Default: 5

Number of clusters to create with the features

Cluster field name

FIELD_NAME

[string]

Default: 'CLUSTER_ID'

Name of the cluster number field

Clusters

OUTPUT

[vector: any]

Vector layer for generated the clusters

Outputs

Label

名称

Type

Description

Clusters

OUTPUT

[vector: any]

Vector layer containing the original features with a field specifying the cluster they belong to

Python code

Algorithm ID: qgis:kmeansclustering

import processing
processing.run("algorithm_id", {parameter_dictionary})

The algorithm id is displayed when you hover over the algorithm in the Processing Toolbox. The parameter dictionary provides the parameter NAMEs and values. See Using processing algorithms from the console for details on how to run processing algorithms from the Python console.

24.1.13.10. List unique values

Lists unique values of an attribute table field and counts their number.

Default menu: Vector ► Analysis Tools

Parameters

Label

名称

Type

Description

Input layer

INPUT

[vector: any]

Layer to analyze

Target field(s)

FIELDS

[tablefield: any]

Field to analyze

Unique values

OUTPUT

[table]

Summary table layer with unique values

HTML report

OUTPUT_HTML_FILE

[html]

HTML report of unique values in the Processing ► Results viewer

Outputs

Label

名称

Type

Description

Unique values

OUTPUT

[table]

Summary table layer with unique values

HTML report

OUTPUT_HTML_FILE

[html]

HTML report of unique values. Can be opened from the Processing ► Results viewer

Total unique values

TOTAL_VALUES

[number]

The number of uniqe values in the input field

UNIQUE_VALUES

Unique values

[string]

A string with the comma separated list of unique values found in the input field

Python code

Algorithm ID: qgis:listuniquevalues

import processing
processing.run("algorithm_id", {parameter_dictionary})

The algorithm id is displayed when you hover over the algorithm in the Processing Toolbox. The parameter dictionary provides the parameter NAMEs and values. See Using processing algorithms from the console for details on how to run processing algorithms from the Python console.

24.1.13.11. Mean coordinate(s)

Computes a point layer with the center of mass of geometries in an input layer.

An attribute can be specified as containing weights to be applied to each feature when computing the center of mass.

If an attribute is selected in the parameter, features will be grouped according to values in this field. Instead of a single point with the center of mass of the whole layer, the output layer will contain a center of mass for the features in each category.

Default menu: Vector ► Analysis Tools

Parameters

Label

名称

Type

Description

Input layer

INPUT

[vector: any]

Input vector layer

Weight field

Optional

WEIGHT

[tablefield: numeric]

Field to use if you want to perform a weighted mean

Unique ID field

UID

[tablefield: numeric]

Unique field on which the calculation of the mean will be made

Mean coordinates

OUTPUT

[vector: point]

The (point vector) layer for the result

Outputs

Label

名称

Type

Description

Mean coordinates

OUTPUT

[vector: point]

Resulting point(s) layer

Python code

Algorithm ID: qgis:meancoordinates

import processing
processing.run("algorithm_id", {parameter_dictionary})

The algorithm id is displayed when you hover over the algorithm in the Processing Toolbox. The parameter dictionary provides the parameter NAMEs and values. See Using processing algorithms from the console for details on how to run processing algorithms from the Python console.

24.1.13.12. Nearest neighbour analysis

Performs nearest neighbor analysis for a point layer. The output tells you how your data are distributed (clustered, randomly or distributed).

Output is generated as an HTML file with the computed statistical values:

  • Observed mean distance

  • Expected mean distance

  • Nearest neighbour index

  • Number of points

  • Z-Score: Comparing the Z-Score with the normal distribution tells you how your data are distributed. A low Z-Score means that the data are unlikely to be the result of a spatially random process, while a high Z-Score means that your data are likely to be a result of a spatially random process.

    ../../../../_images/normal_distribution.png

Default menu: Vector ► Analysis Tools

Parameters

Label

名称

Type

Description

Input layer

INPUT

[vector: point]

Point vector layer to calculate the statistics on

Nearest neighbour

OUTPUT_HTML_FILE

[html]

HTML file for the computed statistics

Outputs

Label

名称

Type

Description

Nearest neighbour

OUTPUT_HTML_FILE

[html]

HTML file with the computed statistics

Observed mean distance

OBSERVED_MD

[number]

Observed mean distance

Expected mean distance

EXPECTED_MD

[number]

Expected mean distance

Nearest neighbour index

NN_INDEX

[number]

Nearest neighbour index

Number of points

POINT_COUNT

[number]

Number of points

Z-Score

Z_SCORE

[number]

Z-Score

Python code

Algorithm ID: qgis:nearestneighbouranalysis

import processing
processing.run("algorithm_id", {parameter_dictionary})

The algorithm id is displayed when you hover over the algorithm in the Processing Toolbox. The parameter dictionary provides the parameter NAMEs and values. See Using processing algorithms from the console for details on how to run processing algorithms from the Python console.

24.1.13.13. Overlap analysis

Calculates the area and percentage cover by which features from an input layer are overlapped by features from a selection of overlay layers.

New attributes are added to the output layer reporting the total area of overlap and percentage of the input feature overlapped by each of the selected overlay layers.

Parameters

Label

名称

Type

Description

Input layer

INPUT

[vector: any]

The input layer.

Overlap layers

LAYERS

[vector: any] [list]

The overlay layers.

Output layer

OUTPUT

[same as input]

Default: [Create temporary layer]

Specify the output vector layer. One of:

  • Create Temporary Layer (TEMPORARY_OUTPUT)

  • Save to File...

  • Save to Geopackage...

  • Save to PostGIS Table...

The file encoding can also be changed here.

Outputs

Label

名称

Type

Description

Output layer

OUTPUT

[same as input]

The output layer with additional fields reporting the overlap (in map units and percentage) of the input feature overlapped by each of the selected layers.

Python code

Algorithm ID: qgis:calculatevectoroverlaps

import processing
processing.run("algorithm_id", {parameter_dictionary})

The algorithm id is displayed when you hover over the algorithm in the Processing Toolbox. The parameter dictionary provides the parameter NAMEs and values. See Using processing algorithms from the console for details on how to run processing algorithms from the Python console.

24.1.13.14. Statistics by categories

Calculates statistics of a field depending on a parent class. The parent class is a combination of values from other fields.

Parameters

Label

名称

Type

Description

Input vector layer

INPUT

[vector: any]

Input vector layer with unique classes and values

Field to calculate statistics on (if empty, only count is calculated)

Optional

VALUES_FIELD_NAME

[tablefield: any]

If empty only the count will be calculated

Field(s) with categories

CATEGORIES_FIELD_NAME

[vector: any] [list]

The fields that (combined) define the categories

Statistics by category

OUTPUT

[table]

Table for the generated statistics

Outputs

Label

名称

Type

Description

Statistics by category

OUTPUT

[table]

Table containing the statistics

Depending on the type of the field being analyzed, the following statistics are returned for each grouped value:

Statistics

String

Numeric

Date

Count (COUNT)

checkbox

checkbox

checkbox

Unique values (UNIQUE)

checkbox

checkbox

Empty (null) values (EMPTY)

checkbox

checkbox

Non-empty values (FILLED)

checkbox

checkbox

Minimal value (MIN)

checkbox

checkbox

checkbox

Maximal value (MAX)

checkbox

checkbox

checkbox

Range (RANGE)

checkbox

Sum (SUM)

checkbox

Mean value (MEAN)

checkbox

Median value (MEDIAN)

checkbox

Standard Deviation (STD_DEV)

checkbox

Coefficient of variation (CV)

checkbox

Minority (rarest occurring value - MINORITY)

checkbox

Majority (most frequently occurring value - MAJORITY)

checkbox

First Quartile (FIRSTQUARTILE)

checkbox

Third Quartile (THIRDQUARTILE)

checkbox

Inter Quartile Range (IQR)

checkbox

Minimum Length (MIN_LENGTH)

checkbox

Mean Length (MEAN_LENGTH)

checkbox

Maximum Length (MAX_LENGTH)

checkbox

Python code

Algorithm ID: qgis:statisticsbycategories

import processing
processing.run("algorithm_id", {parameter_dictionary})

The algorithm id is displayed when you hover over the algorithm in the Processing Toolbox. The parameter dictionary provides the parameter NAMEs and values. See Using processing algorithms from the console for details on how to run processing algorithms from the Python console.

24.1.13.15. Sum line lengths

Takes a polygon layer and a line layer and measures the total length of lines and the total number of them that cross each polygon.

The resulting layer has the same features as the input polygon layer, but with two additional attributes containing the length and count of the lines across each polygon.

Default menu: Vector ► Analysis Tools

Parameters

Label

名称

Type

Description

Lines

LINES

[vector: line]

Input vector line layer

Polygons

POLYGONS

[vector: polygon]

Polygon vector layer

Lines length field name

LEN_FIELD

[string]

Default: 'LENGTH'

Name of the field for the lines length

Lines count field name

COUNT_FIELD

[string]

Default: 'COUNT'

Name of the field for the lines count

Line length

OUTPUT

[vector: polygon]

The output polygon vector layer

Outputs

Label

名称

Type

Description

Line length

OUTPUT

[vector: polygon]

Polygon output layer with fields of lines length and line count

Python code

Algorithm ID: qgis:sumlinelengths

import processing
processing.run("algorithm_id", {parameter_dictionary})

The algorithm id is displayed when you hover over the algorithm in the Processing Toolbox. The parameter dictionary provides the parameter NAMEs and values. See Using processing algorithms from the console for details on how to run processing algorithms from the Python console.