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21. Working with 3D Tiles
21.1. What are 3D Tiles?
3D tiles are specification for streaming and rendering large-scale 3D geospatial datasets. They use a hierarchical structure to efficiently manage and display 3D content, optimising performance by dynamically loading appropriate levels of detail. This technology is widely used in urban planning, architecture, simulation, gaming, and virtual reality, providing a standardised and interoperable solution for visualising complex geographical data. Read Using 3D tiles services for more details.
Figura 21.1 Example of 3D tiles
21.2. Fuentes de datos
Support for 3D tiles:
Remote source -
http://example.com/tileset.jsonLocal files -
file:///path/to/tiles/tileset.json
21.2.1. Using data from Cesium ion
Cesium ion is a cloud-based platform for managing and streaming 3D geospatial data. It simplifies data management, visualisation and sharing. To add 3D tiles from Cesium ion, you need to first sign up to their service here: https://ion.cesium.com.
You can also use Cesium ion plugin from the QGIS repository to add the data to QGIS.
21.2.2. Using Google 3D data
To use Google Photorealistic 3D tiles in QGIS, get an API key for 3D tiles. Once you have the key, simply add Google tiles using the same connection process.
Figura 21.2 Google 3D Tiles connection
21.3. 3D Tiles Properties
The 3D tiles Layer Properties dialog provides the following sections:
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[1] Also available in the Layer styling panel
21.3.1. Propiedades de información
La pestaña Información es de solo lectura y representa un lugar interesante para obtener rápidamente información resumida y metadatos en la capa actual. Los datos proporcionados son:
based on the provider of the layer: name, URL, source type and path, number of zoom levels
el sistema de referencia de coordenadas: nombre, unidades, método, precisión, referencia (es decir, si es estático o dinámico)
picked from the filled metadata: access, extents, links, contacts, history…
21.3.2. Propiedades de fuente
The 
Source tab displays basic information about
the selected 3D tile, including:
el Nombre de la capa a mostrar en el Panel de capas;
the Coordinate Reference System: Displays the layer’s Coordinate Reference System (CRS). You can change the layer’s CRS, by selecting a recently used one in the drop-down list or clicking on the
Select CRS button (see Selector del Sistema de Coordenadas de Referencia).
Use this process only if the layer CRS is wrong or not specified.
21.3.3. Propiedades de simbología
Figura 21.3 3D Tile Layer Symbology
By default, the layer is styled using texture, but you can change it
to see the wireframe mesh behind the scene by choosing Wireframe
in the drop-down menu. You can also, change the mesh fill and line symbols
similar to the vector polygons.
Checking 
Use texture colors will render each mesh element
with the average value of the full texture.
This is a good option to try when dealing with a large dataset and
want to get a quick overview of the data.
Figura 21.4 3D Tiles - textured and wireframe
To view the data you can open 
New 3D map view.
Figura 21.5 Vista de Mapa 3D
Desde la pestaña Simbología, también puede configurar algunas opciones que actúan invariablemente sobre todas las características de la capa:
Maximum error: This parameter determines the level of detail displayed in the 3D model. Similar to point clouds, 3D tiles often contain more information than necessary for visual representation. By adjusting this setting, you control the balance between display density and rendering speed. A larger value (e.g., 5 mm) may introduce noticeable gaps between elements, while a smaller value (e.g., 0.1 mm) could lead to the rendering of an excessive number of details, potentially slowing down the rendering process. Different units can be selected to tailor the setting to your specific needs.
Opacity: Adjust the visibility of the underlying layer on the map canvas using this tool. Use slider to tailor the visibility of your scene layer according to your preferences. Alternatively, specify the exact percentage of visibility through the menu next to the slider.
Modo de mezcla: Con estas herramientas puede conseguir efectos de renderizado especiales que antes sólo conocía de los programas gráficos. Los píxeles de las capas superpuestas y subpuestas se mezclan mediante los ajustes descritos en Modos de Mezcla.
21.3.4. Propiedades de visor 3D
Maximum screen space error determines the threshold for swapping terrain tiles with more detailed ones (and vice versa) - i.e. how soon the 3D view will use higher quality tiles. Lower numbers mean more details in the scene at the expenses of increased rendering complexity.
Show bounding boxes Show 3D bounding boxes of the
terrain tiles (useful for troubleshooting terrain issues).
21.3.5. Propiedades de representación
En Visibilidad dependiente de la escala, puede establecer las escalas :guilabel: Máxima (inclusive) y :guilabel: Mínima (exclusiva), definiendo un rango de escalas en el que las características serán visibles. Fuera de este rango, se ocultan. El botón 
Establecer en la escala actual del lienzo le ayuda a utilizar la escala actual del lienzo del mapa como límite del rango de visibilidad. Véase Selector de escala de visibilidad para más información.
21.3.6. Propiedades de elevación
The 
Elevation tab provides options to control
the layer elevation properties within a 3D map view.
Specifically, you can set:
Elevation Surface: how the 3D layer vertices Z values should be interpreted as terrain elevation. You can apply a Scale factor and an Offset.
21.3.7. Propiedades de metadatos
El 
Metadata le brinda opciones para crear y editar un informe de metadatos en su capa. Consulte Metadatos para obtener más información.