Meniul Vectorial¶

Meniul Vectorilor oferă o resursă unică pentru o serie de activități GIS specifice vectorilor. Meniul oferă o suită crescătoare de funcții rapide, dedicată gestionării și analizei datelor spațiale. Acestea fac parte din cadrul de procesare. Rețineți că unele pluginuri pot adăuga facilități suplimentare, de aceea, în acest capitol, vor fi listate numai funcțiunile implicite din cadrul de procesare.

Cadrul de lucru Processing este instalat și activat, în mod automat, și întocmai oricărui plugin, poate fi activat și dezactivat cu ajutorul Managerului de Pluginuri (v. Dialogul Plugin-urilor). Atunci când este activat, plugin-ul Processing adaugă un meniu Vector în QGIS, oferind funcții începând de la Instrumentele de Analiză sau Cercetare, până la cele de Geoprocesare, precum și câteva Unelte de Management al Datelor.

See Cadrul de procesare al QGIS for more information about the processing framework.

Instrumentele de analiză¶

Pictogramă	Unealta	Scop
	Matricea distanțelor	Measure distances between two point layers, and output results as a) Square distance matrix, b) Linear distance matrix, or c) Summary of distances. Can limit distances to the k nearest features.
	Însumează lungimile liniilor	Calculează suma totală a lungimilor liniilor aflate în interiorul fiecărui poligon dintr-un strat vectorial cu poligoane.
	Points in polygon	Count the number of points that occur in each polygon of an input polygon vector layer.
	List unique values	List all unique values in an input vector layer field.
	Basic statistics for text field	Compute basic statistics (mean, std dev, N, sum, CV) on an input text field.
	Basic statistics for numeric field	Compute basic statistics (mean, std dev, N, sum, CV) on an input numeric field
	Nearest neighbor analysis	Compute nearest neighbor statistics to assess the level of clustering in a point vector layer.
	Mean coordinate(s)	Compute either the normal or weighted mean center of an entire vector layer, or multiple features based on a unique ID field.
	Line intersections	Locate intersections between lines, and output results as a point shapefile. Useful for locating road or stream intersections, ignores line intersections with length > 0.

Table tools 1: Default tools in Analysis group

Research tools¶

Pictogramă	Unealta	Scop
	Selecție aleatorie	Randomly select n number of features, or n percentage of features.
	Random selection within subsets	Randomly select features within subsets based on a unique ID field.
	Random points inside polygons	Generate pseudo-random points over a polygon layer (variable number of point or fixed number of point).
	Random points in extent	Generate pseudo-random points over a given extent.
	Random points in layer bounds	Generate pseudo-random points over bounds of a given input layer.
	Puncte regulate	Generate a regular grid of points over a specified region and export them as a point shapefile.
	Vector grid	Generate a line or polygon grid based on user-specified grid spacing.
	Select by location	Select features based on their location relative to another layer to form a new selection, or add or subtract from the current selection.
	Polygon from layer extent	Create a single rectangular polygon layer from the extent of an input raster or vector layer.

Table Tools 2: Default tools in Research group

Geoprocessing tools¶

Pictogramă	Unealta	Scop
	Convex hull(s)	Create minimum convex hull(s) for an input layer, or based on an ID field.
	Buffer with * fixed distance * distance field	Create buffer(s) around features * based on fixed distance * based on distance field
	Intersect	Overlay layers such that output contains areas where both layers intersect.
	Union	Overlay layers such that output contains intersecting and non-intersecting areas.
	Symmetrical difference	Overlay layers such that output contains those areas of the input and difference layers that do not intersect.
	Clip	Overlay layers such that output contains areas that intersect the clip layer.
	Difference	Overlay layers such that output contains areas not intersecting the clip layer.
	Dissolve	Merge features based on input field. All features with identical input values are combined to form one single feature.
	Elimină poligoanele de tip “așchie”	Merges selected features with the neighboring polygon with the largest area or largest common boundary.

Table Tools 3: Default tools in Geoprocessing group

Unelte de geometrie¶

Pictogramă	Unealta	Scop
	Verifică validitatea geometriei	Check polygons for intersections, closed holes, and fix node ordering. You can choose the engine used by the in the options dialog, digitizing tab Change the Validate geometries value. There is two engines: QGIS and GEOS which have pretty different behavior. Another tools exists which shows different result as well: Topology Checker plugin and ‘must not have invalid geometries’ rule.
	Export/Add geometry columns	Add vector layer geometry info to point (XCOORD, YCOORD), line (LENGTH), or polygon (AREA, PERIMETER) layer.
	Polygon centroids	Calculate the true centroids for each polygon in an input polygon layer.
	Delaunay triangulation	Calculate and output (as polygons) the Delaunay triangulation of an input point vector layer.
	Poligoane Voronoi	Calculate Voronoi polygons of an input point vector layer.
	Simplify geometry	Generalize lines or polygons with a modified Douglas-Peucker algorithm.
	Densificare geometrie	Densify lines or polygons by adding vertices.
	Multipart to singleparts	Convert multipart features to multiple singlepart features. Creates simple polygons and lines.
	Singleparts to multipart	Merge multiple features to a single multipart feature based on a unique ID field.
	Polygons to lines	Convert polygons to lines, multipart polygons to multiple singlepart lines.
	Lines to polygons	Convert lines to polygons, multipart lines to multiple singlepart polygons.
	Extract nodes	Extract nodes from line and polygon layers and output them as points.

Table Tools 4: Default tools in Geometry group

Note

The Simplify geometry tool can be used to remove duplicate nodes in line and polygon geometries. Just set the Simplify tolerance parameter to 0 and this will do the trick.

Data management tools¶

Pictogramă	Unealta	Scop
	Define current projection	Specify the CRS for shapefiles whose CRS has not been defined.
	Join attributes by location	Join additional attributes to vector layer based on spatial relationship. Attributes from one vector layer are appended to the attribute table of another layer and exported as a shapefile.
	Split vector layer	Split input layer into multiple separate layers based on input field.
	Merge shapefiles to one	Merge several shapefiles within a folder into a new shapefile based on the layer type (point, line, area).
	Create spatial index	Create a spatial index for OGR- supported formats.

Table Tools 5: Default tools in Data management group