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The Style Manager is the place where users can manage and create generic symbols to be used in several QGIS projects. You can open it with the Settings ‣ Style Manager or from the Style tab in the vector layer’s Properties. It allows users to:
You can organize symbols into different categories. These categories, listed in the panel at the left, can be static (called Group) or dynamic (named Smart Group). A group is smart when its symbols are dynamically fetched according to conditions set. See figure_smart_group:
To create a group, right click on an existing group or on the main Groups directory in the left of the dialog. You can also select a group and click the Add Group button. The new group will be a sub-group of the selected one.
Create Smart Group is similar to creating group, but instead select Smart Groups. The dialog box allows user to choose the expression to select symbols in order to appear in the smart group (contains some tags, member of a group, have a string in its name, etc.). Any symbol that satisfies the entered condition(s) is automatically added to the smart group.
To remove a group or a smart group, right click on the group and select Remove Group or select it and push Remove Group button.
Unlike the smart groups that automatically fetch their belonged symbols, simple groups are filled by the user. To add a symbol into a group, you can either right click on a symbol, choose Apply Group and then the group name. There is a second way to add several symbols into a group: just select the group, click and choose Group Symbols. All symbols display a checkbox that allows you to add the symbol into the selected groups. When selection is finished, you can click the same button, and choose Finish Grouping.
All the symbols that are not placed under a custom group belong to a default group named Ungrouped.
Selecting a group returns in the right panel, if applicable, the list of symbols of the group (including its subgroups). These symbols are organized in four different tabs:
To delete a symbol you no longer need, just select it and click Remove item (also available through right-click). The symbol will be deleted from the local symbols database.
The symbol list can be modified by adding new symbols with Add item button or modifying existing ones with Edit item. See Die Symbolauswahl for further information.
The Color ramp tab in the Style Manager presents different types of color ramps you can use to style layers.
To create a custom color ramp, activate the Color ramp tab and click the Add item button. The button reveals a drop-down list to choose the ramp type:
Tipp
Easily custom the color stops of the gradient color ramp
Double-clicking the ramp preview or drag-and-drop a color from the color spot onto the ramp preview adds a new color stop. Each color stop can be tweaked using the Farbauswahl widgets or by plotting each of its parameters. You can also reposition it using the mouse, the arrow keys (combine with Shift key for a larger move) or the Relative position spinbox. Pressing Delete stop as well as DEL key removes the selected color stop.
You can use the Invert option while classifying the data with a color ramp. See figure_color_custom_ramp for an example of a custom color ramp and figure_color_cpt_city for the cpt-city Colors dialog.
The cpt-city option opens a new dialog with hundreds of themes included ‘out of the box’.
Symbolauswahl ist der Hauptdialog um ein Symbol zu entwerfen. Sie können Marker, Linie oder Symbole erstellen oder bearbeiten füllen.
Zwei Hauptkomponenten gliedern den Symbolauswahl-Dialog:
Der Symbollayerbaum, der einzelne Ebenen zeigt, die später überlagert werden, um ein neues Gesamtsymbol zu formen
und Einstellungen, um die ausgewählte Symbolebene im Baum zu konfigurieren.
Ein Symbol kann aus mehreren :guilabel:’Symbol layers’ bestehen. Der Symbollayerbaum zeigt die Überlagerung dieser Symbollayer, die später kombiniert werden, um ein neues Gesamtsysmbol zu formen. Zudem wird eine dynamische Symboldarstellung aktualisiert, so bald sich Symboleigenschaften ändern.
Eine Reihe Werkzeuge ist verfügbar, um die Teile des Symbollayerbaumes zu verwalten. In Abhängigkeit vom ausgewählten Layer stehen am unteren Rand des Dialogs verschiedene Werkzeuge zur Verfügung, um:
in QGIS werden Symbole in zwei Schritten konfiguriert: Das Symbol und dann die Symbolebene.
Auf der obersten Ebene des Baumes hängt die Art des Symbols von der Layergeometrie ab und kann entweder Markierung, Linie oder Füllung sein. In jedes Symbol können eines oder mehrere Symbole (auch von jedem anderen Typ) oder Symbolebenen eingebettet werden.
You can setup some parameters that apply to the global symbol:
Bemerkung
The Data-defined override button beside the last layer-related parameters is inactive when setting the symbol from the Style manager dialog. When the symbol is connected to a map layer, this button offers access to the size assistant dialog which helps to create proportional or multivariate analysis rendering.
The symbols used at this level are items you can pick from the symbols library. A list of available symbols of the same type from your symbol library is shown and can be filtered by selecting a group in the drop-down list just above. Click the Save button to add the designed symbol to your symbol library.
With the Advanced option, you can:
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Note that once you have set the size in the lower levels of the Symbol layers dialog, the size of the whole symbol can be changed with the Size (for marker symbols) or the Width (for line symbols) menu in the first level again. The size of the lower levels changes accordingly, while the size ratio is maintained.
At a lower level of the tree, you can customize the symbol layers. The available symbol layer types depend on the upper symbol type. You can apply on the symbol layer paint effects to enhance its rendering.
Because describing all the options of all the symbol layer types would not be possible, only particular and significative ones are mentioned below.
Some common options and widgets are available to build a symbol layer, regardless it’s of marker, line or fill sub-type:
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While the description below assumes that the symbol layer type is bound to the feature geometry, keep in mind that you can embed symbol layers in each others. In that case, the lower level symbol layer parameter (placement, offset...) might be bound to the upper-level symbol, and not to the feature geometry itself.
Appropriate for point geometry features, marker symbols have several Symbol layer types:
SVG marker: provides you with images from your SVG paths (set in Settings ‣ Options ‣ System menu) to render as marker symbol. Each SVG file colors and outline can be adapted.
Bemerkung
Requirements for a customizable SVG marker symbol
To have the possibility to change the colors of a SVG marker, you have to add the placeholders param(fill) for fill color, param(outline) for outline color and param(outline-width) for stroke width. These placeholders can optionally be followed by a default value, e.g.:
<svg width="100%" height="100%">
<rect fill="param(fill) #ff0000" stroke="param(outline) #00ff00" stroke-width="param(stroke-width) 10" width="100" height="100">
</rect>
</svg>
For each marker symbol layer type, you can set some of the following properties:
Größe
Verbindungsstil
In most of the marker symbols dialog, you also have a frame with previews of predefined symbols you can choose from.
Appropriate for line geometry features, line symbols have following symbol layer types:
Appropriate for polygon geometry features, fill symbols have also several symbol layer types:
Simple fill (default): the following settings are available:
Füllstil
Verbindungsstil
Centroid fill: places a marker symbol at the centroid of the visible feature. The position of the marker may however not be the real centroid of the feature because calculation takes into account the polygon(s) clipped to area visible in map canvas for rendering and ignores holes. Use The Geometry Generator if you want the exact centroid.
The marker can be placed on every part of a multi-part feature or only on its biggest part, and forced to be inside the polygon;
Geometry generator (see geometry_generator_symbol);
Gradient fill: uses a radial, linear or conical gradient, based on either simple two color gradients or a predefined gradient color ramp to fill polygon layers. Gradient can be rotated and applied on a single feature basis or across the whole map extent. Also start and end points can be set via coordinates or using the centroid (of feature or map);
Line pattern fill: fills the polygon with a hatching pattern of line symbol layer. You can set the spacing between lines and an offset from the feature boundary;
Point pattern fill: fills the polygon with a hatching pattern of marker symbol layer. You can set the spacing between lines and an offset from the feature boundary;
Raster image fill: you can fill polygons with a tiled raster image. Options include (data defined) file name, opacity, image size (in pixels, mm or map units), coordinate mode (feature or view) and rotation;
SVG fill: fills the polygon using SVG markers;
Shapeburst fill: this option buffered a gradient fill, where a gradient is drawn from the boundary of a polygon towards the polygon’s centre. Configurable parameters include distance from the boundary to shade, use of color ramps or simple two color gradients, optional blurring of the fill and offsets;
Outline: Arrow: uses a line arrow symbol layer to represent the polygon boundary;
Outline: Marker line: uses a marker line symbol layer to represent the polygon boundary;
Outline: simple line: uses a simple line symbol layer to represent the polygon boundary. The Draw line only inside polygon option helps polygon borders inside the polygon and can be useful to clearly represent adjacent polygon boundaries.
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When geometry type is polygon, you can choose to disable the automatic clipping of lines/polygons to the canvas extent. In some cases this clipping results in unfavourable symbology (e.g. centroid fills where the centroid must always be the actual feature’s centroid).
Available with all types of symbols, the geometry generator symbol layer allows to use expression syntax to generate a geometry on the fly during the rendering process. The resulting geometry does not have to match with the original geometry type and you can add several differently modified symbol layers on top of each other.
Some examples:
-- render the centroid of a feature
centroid( $geometry )
-- visually overlap features within a 100 map units distance from a point
-- feature, i.e generate a 100m buffer around the point
buffer( $geometry, 100 )
-- Given polygon layer1( id1, layer2_id, ...) and layer2( id2, fieldn...)
-- render layer1 with a line joining centroids of both where layer2_id = id2
make_line( centroid( $geometry ),
centroid( geometry( get_feature( 'layer2', 'id2', attribute(
$currentfeature, 'layer2_id') ) )
)
The vector field marker is used to display vector field data such as earth deformation, tidal flows, and the like. It displays the vectors as lines (preferably arrows) that are scaled and oriented according to selected attributes of data points. It can only be used to render point data; line and polygon layers are not drawn by this symbology.
The vector field is defined by attributes in the data, which can represent the field either by:
The magnitude of field can be scaled up or down to an appropriate size for viewing the field.