4. Pokyny pro překlad

This manual is aiming to help the translator. First the general process of how technically a translation is done is explained. Later the translation is explained from an actual English rst document that is translated to Dutch. Finally a summary of Rules of translation is given.

Poznámka

Although these guidelines focus on QGIS documentation, the methods and the rules described below are also applicable to QGIS applications and website translation.

4.1. Translation process

QGIS Documentation is written in English with .rst files. In order to provide translations:

  1. A prebuild script creates translation files named .po files for the English language in the folder /QGIS-Documentation/locale/en.

  2. These „originals“ are then copied by the script to the locale folders for other languages.

  3. The sentences in the .po files are pushed to the Transifex web platform, and made available for translators who can begin to translate from English to their language with the editor.

  4. At the end of the day, a script pulls back all validated translations

  5. At the next build of the documentation (which occurs at least once a day), a script reuses the sentences to create translated output

  6. When afterwards an .rst document is updated a new .po file is created in the English part. The contents of this new file will be merged with already existing .po files for each language. This means that when a new line is added to an .rst document that was already translated, only the new/updated sentences are added in the translated .po file and needs to be translated. The amount of work for updating translations for next release should be relatively small.

Poznámka

The process above is the same followed to translate QGIS website, QGIS Desktop and QGIS Server. The difference with the applications is that instead of .po files, all the translatable strings in the .py, .cpp, .yaml and others… files that shape the application are pushed to and pulled from transifex as a single .ts file.

Two different tools are currently used to do translations in QGIS:

  • The Transifex web platform, the easiest and recommended way to translate QGIS, transparently does the process described above and pulls all the translatable texts in one place for the translator. Just pick the files you want and translate. Translated files are stored in the platform until another release is pushed.

  • Qt Linguist, a Qt development tool, requires the translator to pull locally the .po (or .ts) files from the source code, translate and then push back.

Note that whatever tool you choose, rules of translations are the same.

4.2. Translate a file

K vysvětlení jak překlad pracuje, budeme používat plugin teplotní mapy. V tomto příkladě budeme překládat z Angličtiny do Nizozemštiny ale to bude prakticky o samé pro další dokumenty ve všech jazycích.

The source of the document can be found here:

QGIS-Documentation/source/docs/user_manual/plugins/plugins_heatmap.rst

A proč jsem si zvolil právě tento dokument?

  1. It includes images, captions, headers, references and replacements.

  2. Napsal jsem to tak jednoduše abych to mohl přeložit ;-)

The build process has created the English .po file which can be found here:

QGIS-Documentation/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/docs/user_manual/plugins/plugins_heatmap.po

The equivalent Dutch .po file (basically a copy) can be found here:

QGIS-Documentation/locale/nl/LC_MESSAGES/docs/user_manual/plugins/plugins_heatmap.po

Along this file you will see a tiny .mo file which indicates that it does not hold any translations yet.

4.2.1. Translation in Transifex

In order to translate using Transifex, you need to:

  1. create an account on Transifex and join the QGIS project.

  2. Once you are part of a language team, click on the corresponding project (in this case QGIS Documentation). A list of available languages with their ratio of translation is displayed.

    ../../_images/transifex_choose_language.png

    Obr. 4.20 Select language for translation in the Transifex menu

  3. Hover over your language and click either:

    • View resources: translatable .po files with their ratio of translation, number of strings and some more metadata are now displayed.

    • or Translate: opens the interface of translation with all the available .po files

  4. Identify the file you’d like to translate (in our case we are looking for the docs_user-manual_plugins_plugins-heatmap, the heatmap plugin file) or any unfinished file and click on it: strings in the files are loaded and you can use the interface to filter, translate, suggest translation…

    Tip

    For the documentation or the website, clicking the Fix me link in the footer of a page brings you directly to its corresponding translation page in Transifex.

  5. All you need to do is select each text and translate following the guidelines.

For further information on the use of Transifex Web Editor, see https://help.transifex.com/en/articles/6318216-translating-with-the-web-editor.

4.2.2. Překlad v QT Linguistu

With Qt Linguist, you need to:

  1. manually grab the .po or .ts file(s). This can be achieved by downloading the file(s) either from Transifex platform or from the locale/$language folder of the source repository (in GitHub),

  2. proceed to the translation locally

  3. upload the modified files to their sources (Transifex or GitHub).

While downloading and uploading translatable files can be done with Transifex, it’s not advised to use this process. Since there’s no versioning system on Transifex, the file you upload will simply replace the existing one and potentially overwrite any modification made by others on the platform in the meantime.

When you open the file in Qt Linguist for the first time you will see the following dialog:

../../_images/linguist_choose_language.png

Obr. 4.21 Select language for translation in linguist menu

Cílový jazyk by měl být vyplněn správně. Zdroj jazyku může být ponechán jen jako s jazykem POSIX a země/oblasti kterékoliv země.

When you press the OK button Qt Linguist is filled with sentences and you can start translating, see Obr. 4.22.

../../_images/linguist_menu.png

Obr. 4.22 Translate using the linguist menu

V menu uvidíte následující tlačítka, které vyhovují k použití.

  • linguist_done_next The Translation Done Next button, is the most important button. If the item needs translation, you enter a translation in the text field, then hit this button. If the item does not need translation just leave the text field for translation empty and also hit this button which indicates the item is done and you continue with the next item.

  • linguist_previous Předchozí „Goto Previous“ btlačítko, může být použit pro přechod na předchozí položku překladu.

  • |linguist_pnext| Další „Goto Next“ btlačítko, může být použit pro přechod na následující položku překladu.

  • linguist_next_todo Tlačítko „Next Todo“, skočí do prvního překladu položky, které ještě potřebuje překlad. Vhodné je, pokud byl původní dokument změněn, několik nových/změněných vět potřebuje být přeloženo

  • linguist_previous_todo The Previous Todo button, searches backward and jumps to the first translation item it finds that still needs a translation.

For further information on the use of Qt Linguist, see https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/linguist-translators.html

Varování

If you want to download content to translate from the source repository, never do this in the master branch. For translations there are always translation branches available, once a document is fully updated in English for a certain version. As an example, to translate the manual of QGIS 2.8, you have to use the manual_en_v2.8 branch.

4.2.3. Překlad manuálu

Nyní přejdeme k překladu plugin_heatmap manuálu!

Translating most of the sentences should be straightforward. During this translation session I will point out which parts (rst statements) need special translation.

Below we see an interesting sentence to translate:

The |heatmap| :sup:`Heatmap` plugin allows to create a heatmap from a
point vector map. A heatmap is a raster map showing the density or
magnitude of point related information. From the result "hotspots" can
easily be identified.

Tato věta obsahuje dvě rst příkazy:

  1. „|teplotní mapa|“ slova mezi „|“ jsou záměny a neměly by být nikdy přeloženy! To bude nahrazena ikonou teplotního pluginu mapy!

  2. :sup:`Heatmap`, the :sup: statement is a superposition statement and prints the following text a bit higher. This is used to show the popup texts that appear when you hover above the toolbar item and this may be different when it is actually translated in the QGIS application. In the Dutch case it is not!

Všechny ostatní prázdné texty v této větě můžou být přeloženy!

The next translation item contains the :ref: statement that is commonly used to refer to another section somewhere in the manual! The text following a :ref: statement should never be changed because it is a unique identifier!

First this core plugin needs to be activated using the Plugin Manager
(see Section :ref:`load_core_plugin`). After activation the heatmap icon
|heatmap| can be found in the Raster Toolbar.

In this case load_core_plugin is a unique reference identifier placed before an rst item that has a caption. The ref statement will be replaced with the text of the header and turned into a hyperlink. When the header this reference is referring to is translated, all references to this header will be automatically translated as well.

Další bod obsahuje rst-tag :menuselection: následovaný textem, který se ve skutečnosti zobrazí v nabídce v aplikaci QGIS, to může být přeloženo v žádosti, a proto by mělo být změněno, pokud se jedná o tento případ.

Select from menu :menuselection:`View --> Toolbars --> Raster` to activate
the Raster Toolbar when it is not yet activated.

Výše uvedená položka „Zobrazit ->“ je vlastně přeložena do „Beeld ->“, protože se jedná o překlad v nizozemském aplikaci QGIS.

Trochu dále se setkáváme s následující složitými překlady:

The |heatmap| :sup:`Heatmap` tool button starts the Dialog of the Heatmap
plugin (see :numref:`figure_heatmap_settings`).

It holds a reference to a figure figure_heatmap_settings_, and like a reference to a section this reference should not be changed!! The reference definition from the rst-document is not included in the .po file and can therefore not be changed. This means the reference to figures can not be translated. When HTML is created you will see figure_heatmap_settings. When a PDF document is created figure_heatmap_settings_ is replaced with a figure number.

Další položka překladu s rst atributy je následující položka:

**Input Point dialog**: Provides a selection of loaded point vector maps.

Do not remove the stars in above line. It will print the text it holds in bold. The text itself is often text included in the dialog itself and may well be translated in the application.

Následující překlad položky zahrnuje „.guilabel:“ rst značku.

When the |checkbox| :guilabel:`Advanced` checkbox is checked it will
give access to additional advanced options.

The text Advanced of the guilabel tag may well be translated in the QGIS application and probably needs to be changed!

The following translation item contains ``airports``. The quotes are used to give the text another text font. In this case it is a literal value and does not need translation.

For the following example, we will use the ``airports`` vector point
layer from the QGIS sample dataset (see :ref:`label_sampledata`).
Another excellent QGIS tutorial on making heatmaps can be found on
`https://www.qgistutorials.com
<https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/creating_heatmaps.html>`_.

This item also includes a hyperlink with an url and an external presentation. The url should of course be left intact, you are allowed to change the external text https://www.qgistutorials.com which is visible by the reader. Never remove the underscore at the end of the hyperlink which forms an essential part of it!!

4.2.4. Výsledné pravidla pro překlad

  1. Do not change text between two | characters like |bronze|, |checkbox|, |labels|, |selectString|, |addLayer| … These are special tags used to replace images

  2. Do not change references that start with roles like :ref:, :file:, :numref: unless they include a title. In that case, you can translate the title but keep unchanged the link (i.e., the text between < and >)

    Tip

    When a title is provided for a reference, Transifex may display a number in the English source text in replacement of the link part. Click on the number in the source text to add the reference link next to the title being translated.

  3. Do not change references that end with an underscore like figure_labels_1_

  4. Do not change the url in hyperlinks, but you may change the external description. Leave the underscore at the end of the hyperlink, without additional spacing (>`_)

  5. Change the text inside quotes following :index:, :sup:, :guilabel: and :menuselection: tags. Check if/how it is translated in the QGIS Application. Do not change the tag itself.

  6. Text between double stars and double quotes often indicate values or fieldnames, sometimes they need translation sometimes not.

  7. Be aware to use exactly the same (number of) special characters of the source text such as `, ``, *, **, ::. These contribute to the cosmetics of the information provided

  8. Do not begin nor end the text hold by special characters or tags with a space

  9. Do not end the translated strings with a new paragraph, otherwise the text will not be translated during the html generation.

Držte výše uvedená pravidla a přeložený dokument bude vypadat dobře!

For any question, please contact the QGIS Community Team or the QGIS Translation Team.