はじめましょう¶

Installation from source¶

If you need to build QGIS from source, please refer to the installation instructions. They are distributed with the QGIS source code in a file called INSTALL. You can also find them online at http://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://raw.github.com/qgis/QGIS/master/doc/INSTALL.html. If you want to build a particular release, you should replace master by the release branch (commonly in the release-X_Y form) in the above-mentioned link because instructions may differ.

Installation on external media¶

QGIS allows you to define a --configpath option that overrides the default path for user configuration (e.g., ~/.qgis2 under Linux) and forces QSettings to use this directory, too. This allows you to, for instance, carry a QGIS installation on a flash drive together with all plugins and settings. See section システム設定 for additional information.

Sample Data¶

The user guide contains examples based on the QGIS sample dataset.

The Windows installer has an option to download the QGIS sample dataset. If checked, the data will be downloaded to your My Documents folder and placed in a folder called GIS Database. You may use Windows Explorer to move this folder to any convenient location. If you did not select the checkbox to install the sample dataset during the initial QGIS installation, you may do one of the following:

• 既にお持ちのGISデータを利用する場合;

• Download sample data from http://qgis.org/downloads/data/qgis_sample_data.zip

• QGISをアンインストールし、データのダウンロードオプションを指定して再インストールします（上記の解決策が失敗した場合にのみ推奨）をチェック

For GNU/Linux and macOS, there are not yet dataset installation packages available as rpm, deb or dmg. To use the sample dataset, download the file qgis_sample_data as a ZIP archive from http://qgis.org/downloads/data/ and unzip the archive on your system.

The Alaska dataset includes all GIS data that are used for examples and screenshots in the user guide; it also includes a small GRASS database. The projection for the QGIS sample dataset is Alaska Albers Equal Area with units feet. The EPSG code is 2964.

PROJCS["Albers Equal Area",
GEOGCS["NAD27",
DATUM["North_American_Datum_1927",
SPHEROID["Clarke 1866",6378206.4,294.978698213898,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","7008"]],
TOWGS84[-3,142,183,0,0,0,0],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","6267"]],
PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],
UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9108"]],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","4267"]],
PROJECTION["Albers_Conic_Equal_Area"],
PARAMETER["standard_parallel_1",55],
PARAMETER["standard_parallel_2",65],
PARAMETER["latitude_of_center",50],
PARAMETER["longitude_of_center",-154],
PARAMETER["false_easting",0],
PARAMETER["false_northing",0],
UNIT["us_survey_feet",0.3048006096012192]]

If you intend to use QGIS as a graphical front end for GRASS, you can find a selection of sample locations (e.g., Spearfish or South Dakota) at the official GRASS GIS website, http://grass.osgeo.org/download/sample-data/.

Starting and Stopping QGIS¶

Starting QGIS is done as you usually do for any other application on your platform. It means that you can launch QGIS by:

• typing qgis at a command prompt, assuming that QGIS is added to your PATH or you’re in its installation folder
• using the Applications menu if using a precompiled binary, the Start menu or the Dock

• アプリケーションフォルダまたはデスクトップショートカットのアイコンをダブルクリック

• double clicking an existing QGIS project (.qgs) file. Note that this will also open the project

To stop QGIS, click:

• メニューオプション プロジェクト ‣ QGISを終了 またはショートカット Ctrlキー+Q を使用

• QGIS ‣ QGISを終了 、またはショートカット Cmd+Q を使用します

• or use the red cross at the right top corner of the main interface of the application.

Command Line Options¶

In previous section you learned how to start QGIS. You will see that QGIS also provides further command line options.

QGIS supports a number of options when started from the command line. To get a list of the options, enter qgis --help on the command line. The usage statement for QGIS is:

qgis --help

Returns:

QGIS - 2.16.1-Nødebo 'Nødebo' (8545b3b)
QGIS is a user friendly Open Source Geographic Information System.
Usage: /usr/bin/qgis.bin [OPTION] [FILE]
OPTION:
  [--snapshot filename]       emit snapshot of loaded datasets to given file
  [--width width]     width of snapshot to emit
  [--height height]   height of snapshot to emit
  [--lang language]   use language for interface text
  [--project projectfile]     load the given QGIS project
  [--extent xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax]      set initial map extent
  [--nologo]  hide splash screen
  [--noversioncheck]  don't check for new version of QGIS at startup
  [--noplugins]       don't restore plugins on startup
  [--nocustomization] don't apply GUI customization
  [--customizationfile]       use the given ini file as GUI customization
  [--optionspath path]        use the given QSettings path
  [--configpath path] use the given path for all user configuration
  [--authdbdirectory path] use the given directory for authentication database
  [--code path]       run the given python file on load
  [--defaultui]       start by resetting user ui settings to default
  [--dxf-export filename.dxf] emit dxf output of loaded datasets to given file
  [--dxf-extent xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax]  set extent to export to dxf
  [--dxf-symbology-mode none|symbollayer|feature]     symbology mode for dxf output
  [--dxf-scale-denom scale]   scale for dxf output
  [--dxf-encoding encoding]   encoding to use for dxf output
  [--dxf-preset visiblity-preset]     layer visibility preset to use for dxf output
  [--help]            this text
  [--]                treat all following arguments as FILEs

FILE:
  Files specified on the command line can include rasters,
  vectors, and QGIS project files (.qgs):
   1. Rasters - supported formats include GeoTiff, DEM
      and others supported by GDAL
   2. Vectors - supported formats include ESRI Shapefiles
      and others supported by OGR and PostgreSQL layers using
      the PostGIS extension

Command line option --snapshot

This option allows you to create a snapshot in PNG format from the current view. This comes in handy when you have a lot of projects and want to generate snapshots from your data.

Currently, it generates a PNG file with 800x600 pixels. This can be adjusted using the --width and --height command line arguments. A filename can be added after --snapshot.

Command line option --lang

Based on your locale, QGIS selects the correct localization. If you would like to change your language, you can specify a language code. For example, qgis --lang it starts QGIS in Italian localization.

Command line option --project

Starting QGIS with an existing project file is also possible. Just add the command line option --project followed by your project name and QGIS will open with all layers in the given file loaded.

Command line option --extent

To start with a specific map extent use this option. You need to add the bounding box of your extent in the following order separated by a comma:

--extent xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax

Command line option --nologo

This command line argument hides the splash screen when you start QGIS.

command line option --noversioncheck

Don’t check for new version of QGIS at startup.

Command line option --noplugins

If you have trouble at start-up with plugins, you can avoid loading them at start-up with this option. They will still be available from the Plugins Manager afterwards.

Command line option --customizationfile

Using this command line argument, you can define a GUI customization file, that will be used at startup.

Command line option --nocustomization

Using this command line argument, existing GUI customization will not be applied at startup.

Command line option --optionspath

You can have multiple configurations and decide which one to use when starting QGIS with this option. See オプション to confirm where the operating system saves the settings files. Presently, there is no way to specify a file to write settings to; therefore, you can create a copy of the original settings file and rename it. The option specifies path to directory with settings. For example, to use /path/to/config/QGIS/QGIS2.ini settings file, use option:

--optionspath /path/to/config/

Command line option --configpath

This option is similar to the one above, but furthermore overrides the default path for user configuration (~/.qgis2) and forces QSettings to use this directory, too. This allows users to, for instance, carry a QGIS installation on a flash drive together with all plugins and settings.

Command line option --authdbdirectory

Again, this option is similar to the one above but define the path to the directory where the authentication database will be stored.

Command line option --code

This option can be used to run a given python file directly after QGIS has started.

For example, when you have a python file named load_alaska.py with following content:

from qgis.utils import iface
raster_file = "/home/gisadmin/Documents/qgis_sample_data/raster/landcover.img"
layer_name = "Alaska"
iface.addRasterLayer(raster_file, layer_name)

Assuming you are in the directory where the file load_alaska.py is located, you can start QGIS, load the raster file landcover.img and give the layer the name ‘Alaska’ using the following command: qgis --code load_alaska.py

Command line options --dxf-*

These options can be used to export QGIS project into a DXF file. Several options are available:

• –dxf-export: the DXF filename into which to export the layers;
• –dxf-extent: the extent of the final DXF file;
• –dxf-symbology-mode: several values can be used here: none (no symbology), symbollayer (Symbol layer symbology), feature (feature symbology);
• –dxf-scale-deno: the scale denominator of the symbology;
• –dxf-encoding: the file encoding;
• –dxf-preset: choose a visibility preset. These presets are defined in the layer tree, see レイヤーパネル.