The code snippets on this page need the following imports if you’re outside the pyqgis console:

from qgis.core import (
    QgsMessageLog,
    QgsGeometry,
)

from qgis.gui import (
    QgsMessageBar,
)

from qgis.PyQt.QtWidgets import (
    QSizePolicy,
    QPushButton,
    QDialog,
    QGridLayout,
    QDialogButtonBox,
)

13. Comunicare con l’utente

Questa sezione mostra alcuni metodi ed elementi che dovrebbero essere usati per comunicare con l’utente, in modo da mantenere la consistenza nell’interfaccia utente.

13.1. Showing messages. The QgsMessageBar class

Utilizzare il box dei messaggi potrebbe essere una cattiva idea dal punto di vista dell’esperienza utente. Solitamente, per mostrare un messaggio di informazione o di errore/avvertimento, la barra dei messaggi di QGIS é l’opzione migliore.

Utilizzando il riferimento all’oggetto interfaccia di QGIS, é possibile mostrare un messaggio nell barra dei messaggi utilizzando il seguente codice

from qgis.core import Qgis
iface.messageBar().pushMessage("Error", "I'm sorry Dave, I'm afraid I can't do that", level=Qgis.Critical)

Messages(2): Error : I'm sorry Dave, I'm afraid I can't do that

Fig. 13.25 Barra dei messaggi di QGIS

É possibile impostare una durata per mostrarlo per un tempo limitato

iface.messageBar().pushMessage("Ooops", "The plugin is not working as it should", level=Qgis.Critical, duration=3)

Messages(2): Ooops : The plugin is not working as it should

Fig. 13.26 Barra dei messaggi di QGIS con timer

The examples above show an error bar, but the level parameter can be used to creating warning messages or info messages, using the Qgis.MessageLevel enumeration. You can use up to 4 different levels:

0. Info

1. Warning

2. Critical

3. Success

Fig. 13.27 Barra dei messaggi di QGIS (informazioni)

I widget possono essere aggiunti alla barra dei messaggi, ad esempio il pulsante per mostrare piú informazioni

def showError():
    pass

widget = iface.messageBar().createMessage("Missing Layers", "Show Me")
button = QPushButton(widget)
button.setText("Show Me")
button.pressed.connect(showError)
widget.layout().addWidget(button)
iface.messageBar().pushWidget(widget, Qgis.Warning)

Messages(1): Missing Layers : Show Me

Fig. 13.28 Barra dei messaggi di QGIS con un pulsante

É possibile usare una barra dei messaggi nella propria finestra di dialogo senza dover mostrare una finestra di messaggi, o nel caso in cui non abbia senso mostrarla nella finestra principale di QGIS.

class MyDialog(QDialog):
    def __init__(self):
        QDialog.__init__(self)
        self.bar = QgsMessageBar()
        self.bar.setSizePolicy( QSizePolicy.Minimum, QSizePolicy.Fixed )
        self.setLayout(QGridLayout())
        self.layout().setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
        self.buttonbox = QDialogButtonBox(QDialogButtonBox.Ok)
        self.buttonbox.accepted.connect(self.run)
        self.layout().addWidget(self.buttonbox, 0, 0, 2, 1)
        self.layout().addWidget(self.bar, 0, 0, 1, 1)
    def run(self):
        self.bar.pushMessage("Hello", "World", level=Qgis.Info)

myDlg = MyDialog()
myDlg.show()

Fig. 13.29 Barra dei messaggi di QGIS in una finestra di dialogo personalizzata

13.2. Mostrare l’avanzamento

Le barre di avanzamento si possono mettere anche nella barra dei messaggi di QGIS, dato che, come abbiamo visto, accetta i widget. Di seguito un esempio che potrete provare nella console.

import time
from qgis.PyQt.QtWidgets import QProgressBar
from qgis.PyQt.QtCore import *
progressMessageBar = iface.messageBar().createMessage("Doing something boring...")
progress = QProgressBar()
progress.setMaximum(10)
progress.setAlignment(Qt.AlignLeft|Qt.AlignVCenter)
progressMessageBar.layout().addWidget(progress)
iface.messageBar().pushWidget(progressMessageBar, Qgis.Info)

for i in range(10):
    time.sleep(1)
    progress.setValue(i + 1)

iface.messageBar().clearWidgets()

Messages(0): Doing something boring...

Also, you can use the built-in status bar to report progress, as in the next example:

vlayer = iface.activeLayer()

count = vlayer.featureCount()
features = vlayer.getFeatures()

for i, feature in enumerate(features):
    # do something time-consuming here
    print('.') # printing should give enough time to present the progress

    percent = i / float(count) * 100
    # iface.mainWindow().statusBar().showMessage("Processed {} %".format(int(percent)))
    iface.statusBarIface().showMessage("Processed {} %".format(int(percent)))

iface.statusBarIface().clearMessage()

13.3. Logging

There are three different types of logging available in QGIS to log and save all the information about the execution of your code. Each has its specific output location. Please consider to use the correct way of logging for your purpose:

• QgsMessageLog is for messages to communicate issues to the user. The output of the QgsMessageLog is shown in the Log Messages Panel.

• The python built in logging module is for debugging on the level of the QGIS Python API (PyQGIS). It is recommended for Python script developers that need to debug their python code, e.g. feature ids or geometries

• QgsLogger is for messages for QGIS internal debugging / developers (i.e. you suspect something is triggered by some broken code). Messages are only visible with developer versions of QGIS.

Examples for the different logging types are shown in the following sections below.

Avvertimento

Use of the Python print statement is unsafe to do in any code which may be multithreaded and extremely slows down the algorithm. This includes expression functions, renderers, symbol layers and Processing algorithms (amongst others). In these cases you should always use the python logging module or thread safe classes (QgsLogger or QgsMessageLog) instead.

13.3.1. QgsMessageLog

# You can optionally pass a 'tag' and a 'level' parameters
QgsMessageLog.logMessage("Your plugin code has been executed correctly", 'MyPlugin', level=Qgis.Info)
QgsMessageLog.logMessage("Your plugin code might have some problems", level=Qgis.Warning)
QgsMessageLog.logMessage("Your plugin code has crashed!", level=Qgis.Critical)

MyPlugin(0): Your plugin code has been executed correctly
(1): Your plugin code might have some problems
(2): Your plugin code has crashed!

Nota

You can see the output of the QgsMessageLog in the Pannello Messaggi di Log

13.3.2. The python built in logging module

import logging
formatter = '%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s'
logfilename=r'c:\temp\example.log'
logging.basicConfig(filename=logfilename, level=logging.DEBUG, format=formatter)
logging.info("This logging info text goes into the file")
logging.debug("This logging debug text goes into the file as well")

The basicConfig method configures the basic setup of the logging. In the above code the filename, logging level and the format are defined. The filename refers to where to write the logfile to, the logging level defines what levels to output and the format defines the format in which each message is output.

2020-10-08 13:14:42,998 - root - INFO - This logging text goes into the file
2020-10-08 13:14:42,998 - root - DEBUG - This logging debug text goes into the file as well

If you want to erase the log file every time you execute your script you can do something like:

if os.path.isfile(logfilename):
    with open(logfilename, 'w') as file:
        pass

Further resources on how to use the python logging facility are available at:

• https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html

• https://docs.python.org/3/howto/logging.html

• https://docs.python.org/3/howto/logging-cookbook.html

Avvertimento

Please note that without logging to a file by setting a filename the logging may be multithreaded which heavily slows down the output.