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12. Lesen und Speichern von Einstellungen

Hinweis

Die Codefragmente auf dieser Seite müssen wie folgt importiert werden, wenn Sie sich außerhalb der pyqgis-Konsole befinden:

1from qgis.core import (
2  QgsProject,
3  QgsSettings,
4  QgsVectorLayer
5)

Many times it is useful for a plugin to save some variables so that the user does not have to enter or select them again next time the plugin is run.

These variables can be saved and retrieved with help of Qt and QGIS API. For each variable, you should pick a key that will be used to access the variable — for user’s favourite color you could use key „favourite_color“ or any other meaningful string. It is recommended to give some structure to naming of keys.

We can differentiate between several types of settings:

  • global settings — they are bound to the user at a particular machine. QGIS itself stores a lot of global settings, for example, main window size or default snapping tolerance. Settings are handled using the QgsSettings class, through for example the setValue() and value() methods.

    Here you can see an example of how these methods are used.

     1def store():
 2  s = QgsSettings()
 3  s.setValue("myplugin/mytext", "hello world")
 4  s.setValue("myplugin/myint",  10)
 5  s.setValue("myplugin/myreal", 3.14)
 6
 7def read():
 8  s = QgsSettings()
 9  mytext = s.value("myplugin/mytext", "default text")
10  myint  = s.value("myplugin/myint", 123)
11  myreal = s.value("myplugin/myreal", 2.71)
12  nonexistent = s.value("myplugin/nonexistent", None)
13  print(mytext)
14  print(myint)
15  print(myreal)
16  print(nonexistent)

    The second parameter of the value() method is optional and specifies the default value that is returned if there is no previous value set for the passed setting name.

    For a method to pre-configure the default values of the global settings through the qgis_global_settings.ini file, see Bereitstellen von QGIS innerhalb von Organisationen for further details.

  • project settings — vary between different projects and therefore they are connected with a project file. Map canvas background color or destination coordinate reference system (CRS) are examples — white background and WGS84 might be suitable for one project, while yellow background and UTM projection are better for another one.

    An example of usage follows.

     1proj = QgsProject.instance()
 2
 3# store values
 4proj.writeEntry("myplugin", "mytext", "hello world")
 5proj.writeEntry("myplugin", "myint", 10)
 6proj.writeEntryDouble("myplugin", "mydouble", 0.01)
 7proj.writeEntryBool("myplugin", "mybool", True)
 8
 9# read values (returns a tuple with the value, and a status boolean
10# which communicates whether the value retrieved could be converted to
11# its type, in these cases a string, an integer, a double and a boolean
12# respectively)
13
14mytext, type_conversion_ok = proj.readEntry("myplugin",
15                                            "mytext",
16                                            "default text")
17myint, type_conversion_ok = proj.readNumEntry("myplugin",
18                                              "myint",
19                                              123)
20mydouble, type_conversion_ok = proj.readDoubleEntry("myplugin",
21                                                    "mydouble",
22                                                    123)
23mybool, type_conversion_ok = proj.readBoolEntry("myplugin",
24                                                "mybool",
25                                                123)

    As you can see, the writeEntry() method is used for many data types (integer, string, list), but several methods exist for reading the setting value back, and the corresponding one has to be selected for each data type.

  • map layer settings — these settings are related to a particular instance of a map layer with a project. They are not connected with underlying data source of a layer, so if you create two map layer instances of one shapefile, they will not share the settings. The settings are stored inside the project file, so if the user opens the project again, the layer-related settings will be there again. The value for a given setting is retrieved using the customProperty() method, and can be set using the setCustomProperty() one.

    1vlayer = QgsVectorLayer()
2# save a value
3vlayer.setCustomProperty("mytext", "hello world")
4
5# read the value again (returning "default text" if not found)
6mytext = vlayer.customProperty("mytext", "default text")