はじめに

Debianのベースのシステムへのインストール

この時点で、Debianベースのシステムで最小限の作業構成を行うための簡単で簡単なインストール方法を説明します。しかし、他の多くのディストリビューションやOSがQGISサーバー用のパッケージを提供しています。

Requirements and steps to install QGIS Server on a Debian based system are provided in QGIS installers page. Please refer to that section.

HTTPサーバー構成

Apache

Apache and its mod_fcgid module may be used for executing QGIS Server.

Install Apache and mod_fcgid:

sudo apt install apache2 libapache2-mod-fcgid

Here we assume that an Apache VirtualHost is already set up. For example this is what a basic VirtualHost configuration may look like:

<VirtualHost *:80>

 ServerAdmin [email protected]
 DocumentRoot /var/www/html

 ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
 CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

</VirtualHost>

注釈

On Debian systems, a default VirtualHost is available in /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf.

Let's now add mod_fcgid configuration directives for QGIS Server:

<VirtualHost *:80>

 ServerAdmin [email protected]
 DocumentRoot /var/www/html

 ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
 CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

 FcgidInitialEnv DISPLAY ":99"
 FcgidInitialEnv QGIS_SERVER_LOG_LEVEL "0"
 FcgidInitialEnv QGIS_SERVER_LOG_STDERR "1"

 <Location /qgisserver>
  SetHandler fcgid-script
  FcgidWrapper /usr/lib/cgi-bin/qgis_mapserv.fcgi virtual
  Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +FollowSymLinks
  Require all granted
 </Location>

</VirtualHost>

See the mod_fcgid documentation for more information on the Fcgid parameters used. And see below to understand when and why the DISPLAY environment variable needs to be set.

Now restart Apache for the new configuration to be taken into account:

sudo service apache2 restart

QGIS Server is now available at http://localhost/qgisserver.

NGINX

You can also use QGIS Server with NGINX. Unlike Apache, NGINX does not automatically spawn FastCGI processes. The FastCGI processes are to be started by something else.

On Debian-based systems, you may use fcgiwrap or spawn-fcgi to start and manage the QGIS Server processes. Official Debian packages exist for both.

注釈

fcgiwrapは、すでにSystemdサービスにラップされているため、spawn-fcgiよりも設定が簡単です。しかし、それはまたspawn-fcgiを使うよりもはるかに遅い解決策になります。 fcgiwrapを使用すると、要求ごとに新しいQGISサーバープロセスが作成されます。つまり、QGISプロジェクトファイルの読み取りと解析を含むQGISサーバー初期化プロセスは、要求ごとに実行されます。 spawn-fcgiを使用すると、リクエスト間でQGISサーバープロセスが存続し、パフォーマンスが大幅に向上します。そのため、spawn-fcgiを本番用に使用することをお勧めします。

Install NGINX:

sudo apt install nginx

fcgiwrap

If you want to use fcgiwrap to run QGIS Server, you first have to install the corresponding package:

sudo apt install fcgiwrap

Then, introduce the following block in your NGINX server configuration:

  location /qgisserver {
      gzip           off;
      include        fastcgi_params;
      fastcgi_pass   unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket;
      fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/lib/cgi-bin/qgis_mapserv.fcgi;
  }

Finally, restart NGINX and fcgiwrap to take into account the new configuration:

sudo service nginx restart
sudo service fcgiwrap restart

QGIS Server is now available at http://localhost/qgisserver.

spawn-fcgi

If you prefer to use spawn-fcgi instead of fcgiwrap, the first step is to install the package:

sudo apt install spawn-fcgi

Then, introduce the following block in your NGINX server configuration:

location /qgisserver {
    gzip           off;
    include        fastcgi_params;
    fastcgi_pass   unix:/var/run/qgisserver.socket;
}

And restart NGINX to take into account the new configuration:

sudo service nginx restart

Finally, considering that there is no default service file for spawn-fcgi, you have to manually start QGIS Server in your terminal:

sudo spawn-fcgi -s /var/run/qgisserver.socket \
                -U www-data -G www-data -n \
                /usr/lib/bin/cgi-bin/qgis_mapserv.fcgi

Of course, you may write an init script (like a qgisserver.service file with Systemd) to start QGIS Server at boot time or whenever you want.

QGIS Server is now available at http://localhost/qgisserver.

注釈

上記のコマンドspawn-fcgiでは、QGISサーバープロセスを1つだけ作成します。複数のQGISサーバープロセスを使用するには、spawn-fcgiをDebianに同梱されている multiwatch ツールと組み合わせることができます。

Configuration

The include fastcgi_params; used in previous configuration is important as it adds the parameters from /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params:

fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_SCHEME     $scheme;
fastcgi_param  HTTPS              $https if_not_empty;

fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx/$nginx_version;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;

Of course, you may override these variables in your own configuration. For example:

include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME domain.name.eu;

Moreover, you can use some 環境変数 to configure QGIS Server. With NGINX as HTTP Server, you have to use fastcgi_param to define these variables as shown below:

fastcgi_param  QGIS_DEBUG              1;
fastcgi_param  QGIS_SERVER_LOG_FILE    /tmp/qgis-000.log;
fastcgi_param  QGIS_SERVER_LOG_LEVEL   0;

注釈

When using spawn-fcgi, you may directly define environment variables before running the server. For example: export QGIS_SERVER_LOG_FILE=/home/user/qgis.log

Xvfb

QGIS Server needs a running X Server to be fully usable. But if you don't have one, you may use xvfb to have a virtual X environment.

To install the package:

sudo apt install xvfb

Then, according to your HTTP server, you should configure the DISPLAY parameter or directly use xvfb-run.

For example with NGINX and spawn-fcgi using xvfb-run:

xvfb-run /usr/bin/spawn-fcgi -f /usr/lib/bin/cgi-bin/qgis_mapserv.fcgi \
                             -s /tmp/qgisserver.socket \
                             -G www-data -U www-data -n

The other option is to start a virtual X server environment with a specific display number thanks to Xvfb:

/usr/bin/Xvfb :99 -screen 0 1024x768x24 -ac +extension GLX +render -noreset

Then we just have to set the DISPLAY environment variable in the HTTP server configuration. For example with NGINX:

fastcgi_param  DISPLAY       ":99";

Or with Apache:

FcgidInitialEnv DISPLAY       ":99"

Installation on Windows

QGIS Server can also be installed on Windows systems. While the QGIS Server package is available in the 64 bit version of the OSGeo4W network installer (https://qgis.org/en/site/forusers/download.html) there is no Apache (or other web server) package available, so this must be installed by other means.

A simple procedure is the following:

• Download the XAMPP installer (https://www.apachefriends.org/download.html) for Windows and install Apache

• Download the OSGeo4W installer, follow the "Advanced Install" and install both the QGIS Desktop and QGIS Server packages

• Edit the httpd.conf file (C:\xampp\apache\httpd.conf if the default installation paths have been used) and make the following changes:

From:

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "C:/xampp/cgi-bin/"

To:

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "c:/OSGeo4W64/apps/qgis/bin/"

From:

<Directory "C:/xampp/cgi-bin">
AllowOverride None
Options None
Require all granted
</Directory>

To:

<Directory "c:/OSGeo4W64/apps/qgis/bin">
SetHandler cgi-script
AllowOverride None
Options ExecCGI
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
Require all granted
</Directory>

From:

AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl .asp

To:

AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl .asp .exe

Then at the bottom of httpd.conf add:

SetEnv GDAL_DATA "C:\OSGeo4W64\share\gdal"
SetEnv QGIS_AUTH_DB_DIR_PATH "C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\qgis\resources"
SetEnv PYTHONHOME "C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\Python36"
SetEnv PATH "C:\OSGeo4W64\bin;C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\qgis\bin;C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\Qt5\bin;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem"
SetEnv QGIS_PREFIX_PATH "C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\qgis"
SetEnv QT_PLUGIN_PATH "C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\qgis\qtplugins;C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\Qt5\plugins"

Restart the Apache web server from the XAMPP Control Panel and open browser window to testing a GetCapabilities request to QGIS Server

http://localhost/cgi-bin/qgis_mapserv.fcgi.exe?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.3.0&REQUEST=GetCapabilities

Serve a project

Now that QGIS Server is installed and running, we just have to use it.

Obviously, we need a QGIS project to work on. Of course, you can fully customize your project by defining contact information, precise some restrictions on CRS or even exclude some layers. Everything you need to know about that is described later in Configure your project.

But for now, we are going to use a simple project already configured. To retrieve the project:

cd /home/user/
wget https://github.com/qgis/QGIS-Training-Data/archive/QGIS-Training-Data-v2.0.zip -O qgis-server-tutorial.zip
unzip qgis-server-tutorial.zip
mv QGIS-Training-Data-QGIS-Training-Data-v2.0/training_manual_data/qgis-server-tutorial-data ~

The project file is qgis-server-tutorial-data-master/world.qgs. Of course, you can use your favorite GIS software to open this file and take a look on the configuration and available layers.

By opening the project and taking a quick look on layers, we know that 4 layers are currently available:

• airports

• places

• countries

• countries_shapeburst

You don't have to understand the full request for now but you may retrieve a map with some of the previous layers thanks to QGIS Server by doing something like this in your web browser to retrieve the countries layer:

http://localhost/qgisserver?
  MAP=/home/user/qgis-server-tutorial-data-master/world.qgs&
  LAYERS=countries&
  SERVICE=WMS&
  REQUEST=GetMap&
  CRS=EPSG:4326&
  WIDTH=400&
  HEIGHT=200

If you obtain the next image, then QGIS Server is running correctly:

Server response to a basic GetMap request

Note that you may define PROJECT_FILE environment variable to use a project by default instead of giving a MAP parameter (see 環境変数).

For example with spawn-fcgi:

export PROJECT_FILE=/home/user/qgis-server-tutorial-data-master/world.qgs
spawn-fcgi -f /usr/lib/bin/cgi-bin/qgis_mapserv.fcgi \
           -s /var/run/qgisserver.socket \
           -U www-data -G www-data -n

Configure your project

To provide a new QGIS Server WMS, WFS or WCS, you have to create a QGIS project file with some data or use one of your current project. Define the colors and styles of the layers in QGIS and the project CRS, if not already defined.

QGISサーバーのWMS / WFS / WCSプロジェクトの定義

Then, go to the QGIS Server menu of the Project ‣ Properties... dialog and provide some information about the OWS in the fields under Service Capabilities. This will appear in the GetCapabilities response of the WMS, WFS or WCS. If you don't check Service capabilities, QGIS Server will use the information given in the wms_metadata.xml file located in the cgi-bin folder.

WMS機能

In the WMS capabilities section, you can define the extent advertised in the WMS GetCapabilities response by entering the minimum and maximum X and Y values in the fields under Advertised extent. Clicking Use Current Canvas Extent sets these values to the extent currently displayed in the QGIS map canvas. By checking CRS restrictions, you can restrict in which coordinate reference systems (CRS) QGIS Server will offer to render maps. It is recommended that you restrict the offered CRS as this reduces the size of the WMS GetCapabilities response. Use the button below to select those CRSs from the Coordinate Reference System Selector, or click Used to add the CRSs used in the QGIS project to the list.

If you have print layouts defined in your project, they will be listed in the GetProjectSettings response, and they can be used by the GetPrint request to create prints, using one of the print layout layouts as a template. This is a QGIS-specific extension to the WMS 1.3.0 specification. If you want to exclude any print layout from being published by the WMS, check Exclude layouts and click the button below. Then, select a print layout from the Select print layout dialog in order to add it to the excluded layouts list.

If you want to exclude any layer or layer group from being published by the WMS, check Exclude Layers and click the button below. This opens the Select restricted layers and groups dialog, which allows you to choose the layers and groups that you don't want to be published. Use the Shift or Ctrl key if you want to select multiple entries. It is recommended that you exclude from publishing the layers that you don't need as this reduces the size of the WMS GetCapabilities response which leads to faster loading times on the client side.

プレーンテキスト、XMLやGMLとして要求GetFeatureInfoを受け取ることができます。デフォルトでは、XML、テキストであるか、GML形式は、GetFeatureInfo要求のために選択した出力形式に依存します。

If you wish, you can check Add geometry to feature response. This will include in the GetFeatureInfo response the geometries of the features in a text format.

As many web clients can’t display circular arcs in geometries you have the option to segmentize the geometry before sending it to the client in a GetFeatureInfo response. This allows such clients to still display a feature’s geometry (e.g. for highlighting the feature). You need to check the Segmentize feature info geometry to activate the option.

You can also use the GetFeatureInfo geometry precision option to set the precision of the GetFeatureInfo geometry. This enables you to save bandwidth when you don't need the full precision.

If you want QGIS Server to advertise specific request URLs in the WMS GetCapabilities response, enter the corresponding URL in the Advertised URL field.

Furthermore, you can restrict the maximum size of the maps returned by the GetMap request by entering the maximum width and height into the respective fields under Maximums for GetMap request.

レイヤーの一つが 地図ヒントディスプレイ を使用している場合（つまり式を使ってテキストを表示するために）これはGetFeatureInfo出力内で表示されます。レイヤーは、その属性のいずれかの値マップを使用している場合は、この情報には、GetFeatureInfo出力に表示されます。

WFS機能

でWFS機能 エリアWFSとして公開し、それらが更新を許可するかどうかを指定、操作を挿入し、削除したいレイヤーを選択できます。 :guilabel:` WFS機能` セクションの 宣伝URL フィールドにURLを入力すると、QGIサーバーは、WFSのGetCapabilities応答中でこの特定のURLを宣伝します。

WCS機能

WCS機能 エリア、WCSとして公開したいレイヤーを選択できます。 WCS機能 セクションで 宣伝URL フィールドにURLを入力すると、QGISサーバーはWCSのGetCapabilities応答でこの特定のURLを宣伝します。

OWSを微調整する

ベクターレイヤーの場合は、 レイヤー ‣ のプロパティ ダイアログの フィールド メニューで、各属性ごとにそれが公開されるかされないか定義できます。デフォルトではすべての属性がWMSとWFSによって公開されます。特定の属性が公開されたくない場合は、 WMS または WFS 列内の対応するチェックボックスをオフにします。

You can overlay watermarks over the maps produced by your WMS by adding text annotations or SVG annotations to the project file. See the 注記ツール section for instructions on creating annotations. For annotations to be displayed as watermarks on the WMS output, the Fixed map position checkbox in the Annotation text dialog must be unchecked. This can be accessed by double clicking the annotation while one of the annotation tools is active. For SVG annotations, you will need either to set the project to save absolute paths (in the General menu of the Project ‣ Properties... dialog) or to manually modify the path to the SVG image so that it represents a valid relative path.