ラベルの設定¶

ラベルテキストの整形
- テキスト
- 整形
- バッファ
- 背景
- 影
引出し線付きラベル
配置
描画

ラベルは、ベクタの地物に表示できるテキスト情報です。それらは、シンボルのみでは表すことができない詳細を追加します。

The スタイルマネージャダイアログでは、ラベルまたはテキスト形式のセット（つまり、フォント、サイズ、色、影、背景などを含むテキストの外観）を作成できます。これらの各アイテムは、レイヤプロパティダイアログの| ラベルタブまたは、レイヤスタイルパネル、**ラベルツールバー**の ^{レイヤラベリングオプション} ボタンを使用して後でレイヤに適用できます。上記のダイアログで直接設定することもできます。

The ラベルセッティングダイアログでは、ベクタレイヤのスマートラベルを設定できます。ラベルの設定には、text format 1、およびラベルが地物または他のラベルとどのように関係するか（placement 2、rendering 3、:ref:`callout 4`を介して）が含まれます。

ラベルテキストの整形 ¶

テキスト形式を作成するには、次の方法があります。

Open the Style Manager dialog
Activate the Text format tab

スタイルマネージャダイアログのテキスト形式¶
Press the ^{Add item} button. The Text Settings dialog opens with the following properties. As usual, these properties are data-definable.

テキスト ¶

テキスト設定 - テキストタブ¶

In the Text tab, you can set:

フォント, マシンで使用可能なフォントに設定できます
スタイル:フォントの一般的なスタイルおよび、テキストの下線または取り消し線の設定ができます
the Size in any supported unit
色
不透明度.

下部にあるテキスト形式リストウィジェットには、style manager database <vector_style_manager>`内に保存されているフィルター可能なテキスト形式のリストが表示されます。これにより、ローカルのスタイルデータベースに保存されているスタイルと一致するようにテキスト形式を簡単に設定したり、現在の設定に基づいてスタイルデータベースに新しいテキスト形式を追加したりできます。:guilabel:`Save format... ボタンを押して、現在のテキスト形式を:guilabel:`Style Manager`に保存し、名前とタグを指定します。

同様に、ラベルを構成時にラベル設定リストウィジェットが表示され、 :sup:`スタイルマネージャ`ウィジェットから選択したり、新しいスタイルをウィジェットに追加したりできます。

整形 ¶

../../../_images/textsettings_formatting.png

テキスト設定 - 整形タブ¶

整形タブでは、次の設定を行うことができます:

Use the Type case option to change the capitalization style of the text. You have the possibility to render the text as All uppercase, All lowercase or Capitalize first letter. Note that the last option modifies only the first letter of each word and leaves the other letters in the text untouched.
:guilabel:`間隔`では、単語間および個々の文字間のスペースを変更します。
テキストフォントの|checkbox| カーニングを有効にする
テキストの向きでは水平または :guilabel:`垂直`を設定できます。ラベル設定時は :guilabel:`回転`を設定することもできます。
Use the Blend mode option to determine how your labels will mix with the map features below them (more details at 描画モード).
:guilabel:`置換リストを適用`オプションを使用すると、ラベルのテキストに置き換える置換リストを指定できます（例：通りの種類の省略）。置換テキストはマップにラベルを表示している際に使用されます。ユーザーは置換リストのエクスポートおよびインポートにより、簡単に再利用と共有ができます。
Configure Multiple lines:
- :guilabel:`改行する文字`オプションを使用して、テキストを強制的に改行する文字を設定します。
- Set an ideal line size for auto-wrapping using the Wrap lines to option. The size can represent either the Maximum line length or the Minimum line length.
- Decide the Line Height
- 整列`の体裁：利用可能な一般的な値は:guilabel:`左、右、:guilabel:`中央`です。
  
  ポイントのラベルをプロパティで設定する場合、テキストの配置を:guilabel:`ラベルの配置に従う`にすることもできます。その場合、配置はポイントに対する最終的な配置に依存します。例えば、ラベルがポイントの左側に配置されている場合ラベルは右揃えになりますが、ポイントの右側に配置されている場合は左揃えになります。
ラインのラベルの場合は、行方向シンボル`を含めて行方向を決定し、:guilabel:`左寄せまたは :guilabel:`右寄せ`を示すシンボルを使用することができます。特に*湾曲* または *平行*配置オプションと一緒に使用するとうまく機能します。
Use the Formatted numbers option to format numeric texts. You can set the number of Decimal places. By default, 3 decimal places will be used. Use the Show plus sign if you want to show the plus sign for positive numbers.

バッファ ¶

../../../_images/textsettings_buffer.png

テキスト設定 - バッファタブ¶

To create a buffer around the label, activate the Draw text buffer checkbox in the Buffer tab. Then you can:

バッファの:guilabel:`サイズ`はいずれかの :ref:`supported unit <unit_selector>`で設定します。
バッファの:guilabel:`色`を選択します。
カラーバッファの塗りつぶし：バッファーはラベルのアウトラインから拡張されるため、オプションがアクティブになっている場合、ラベルの内部が塗りつぶされます。これは、部分的に透明なラベルを使用する場合、またはラベルのテキストの後ろを見ることができるような通常以外の描画モードで関連する場合があります。オプションをオフにすると（完全に透明なラベルを使用している間）、アウトライン化されたテキストラベルを作成できます。
バッファの:guilabel:`不透明度`を定義する
継ぎ目スタイル：丸み(Round)、留め継ぎ(Miter) または :guilabel:`角型(Bevel)`から適用できます
Use the Blend mode option to determine how your label's buffer will mix with the map components below them (more details at 描画モード).
Check Draw effects to add advanced paint effects for improving text readability, eg through outer glows and blurs.

背景 ¶

The Background tab allows you to configure a shape that stays below each label. To add a background, activate the Draw Background checkbox and select the Shape type. It can be:

a regular shape such as Rectangle, Square, Circle or Ellipse
an SVG symbol from a file, a URL or embedded in the project or style database (more details)
or a Marker Symbol you can create or select from the symbol library.

../../../_images/textsettings_background.png

Text settings - Background tab¶

Depending on the selected shape, you need to configure some of the following properties:

The Size type of the frame, which can be:
- Fixed: using the same size for all the labels, regardless the size of the text
- or a Buffer over the text's bounding box
The Size of the frame in X and Y directions, using any supported units
A Rotation of the background, between Sync with label, Offset of label and Fixed. The last two require an angle in degrees.
An Offset X,Y to shift the background item in the X and/or Y directions
A Radius X,Y to round the corners of the background shape (applies to rectangle and square shapes only)
An Opacity of the background
A Blend mode to mix the background with the other items in the rendering (see 描画モード).
The Fill color, Stroke color and Stroke width for shape types other than the marker symbol. Use the Load symbol parameters to revert changes on an SVG symbol to its default settings.
A Pen join style: it can be Round, Miter or Bevel (applies to rectangle and square shapes only)
Draw effects to add advanced paint effects for improving text readability, eg through outer glows and blurs.

影 ¶

../../../_images/textsettings_shadow.png

Text settings - Shadow tab¶

To add a shadow to the text, enable the Shadow tab and activate the Draw drop shadow. Then you can:

Indicate the item used to generate the shadow with Draw under. It can be the Lowest label component or a particular component such as the Text itself, the Buffer or the Background.
Set the shadow's Offset from the item being shadowded, ie:
- The angle: clockwise, it depends on the underlying item orientation
- The distance of offset from the item being shadowded
- The units of the offset
If you tick the Use global shadow checkbox, then the zero point of the angle is always oriented to the north and doesn't depend on the orientation of the label's item.
Influence the appearance of the shadow with the Blur radius. The higher the number, the softer the shadows, in the units of your choice.

Define the shadow's Opacity
Rescale the shadow's size using the Scale factor
Choose the shadow's Color
Use the Blend mode option to determine how your label's shadow will mix with the map components below them (more details at 描画モード).

引出し線付きラベル ¶

A common practice when placing labels on a crowded map is to use callouts - labels which are placed outside (or displaced from) their associated feature are identified with a dynamic line connecting the label and the feature. If one of the two endings (either the label or the feature) is moved, the shape of the connector is recomputed.

Labels with various callouts settings¶

To add a callout to a label, enable the Callouts tab and activate the Draw callouts. Then you can:

Select the Style of connector, one of:
- Simple lines: a straight line, the shortest path
- Manhattan style: a 90° broken line
Select the Line style with full capabilities of a line symbol including layer effects, and data-defined settings
Set the Minimum length of callout lines
Set the Offset from feature option: controls the distance from the feature (or its anchor point if a polygon) where callout lines end. Eg, this avoids drawing lines right up against the edges of the features.
Set the Offset from label area option: controls the distance from the label closest corner where callout lines end. This avoids drawing lines right up against the text.
Draw lines to all features parts from the feature's label
Set an Anchor point on the (polygon) feature to use as end point of the connector line : available options are:
- Pole of inaccessibility
- Point on exterior
- Point on surface
- Centroid

配置 ¶

Choose the Placement tab for configuring label placement and labeling priority. Note that the placement options differ according to the type of vector layer, namely point, line or polygon, and are affected by the global PAL setting.

Placement for point layers ¶

With the Cartographic placement mode, point labels are generated with a better visual relationship with the point feature, following ideal cartographic placement rules. Labels can be placed at a set Distance either from the point feature itself or from the bounds of the symbol used to represent the feature. The latter option is especially useful when the symbol size isn't fixed, e.g. if it's set by a data defined size or when using different symbols in a categorized renderer.

By default, placements are prioritised in the following order:

top right
top left
bottom right
bottom left
middle right
middle left
top, slightly right
bottom, slightly left.

Placement priority can, however, be customized or set for an individual feature using a data defined list of prioritised positions. This also allows only certain placements to be used, so e.g. for coastal features you can prevent labels being placed over the land.

The Around point setting places the label in an equal radius (set in Distance) circle around the feature. The placement of the label can even be constrained using the Quadrant option.

With the Offset from point, labels are placed at a fixed offset from the point feature. You can select the Quadrant in which to place your label. You are also able to set the Offset X,Y distances between the points and their labels and can alter the angle of the label placement with the Rotation setting. Thus, placement in a selected quadrant with a defined rotation is possible.

Placement for line layers ¶

Label options for line layers include Parallel, Curved or Horizontal. For the Parallel and Curved options, you can set the position to Above line, On line and Below line. It's possible to select several options at once. In that case, QGIS will look for the optimal label position. For Parallel and curved placement options, you can also use the line orientation for the position of the label. Additionally, you can define a Maximum angle between curved characters when selecting the Curved option (see Figure_labels_placement_line).

../../../_images/line_label_placement.png

Label placement examples in lines¶

For all three placement options, in Repeat, you can set up a minimum distance for repeating labels. The distance can be in mm or in map units.

Placement for polygon layers ¶

You can choose one of the following options for placing labels in polygons (see figure_labels_placement_polygon):

Offset from centroid,
Horizontal (slow),
Around centroid,
Free (slow),
Using perimeter,
and Using perimeter (curved).

In the Offset from centroid settings you can specify if the centroid is of the visible polygon or whole polygon. That means that either the centroid is used for the polygon you can see on the map or the centroid is determined for the whole polygon, no matter if you can see the whole feature on the map. You can place your label within a specific quadrant, and define offset and rotation.

The Around centroid setting places the label at a specified distance around the centroid. Again, you can define visible polygon or whole polygon for the centroid.

With the Horizontal (slow) or Free (slow) options, QGIS places at the best position either a horizontal or a rotated label inside the polygon.

With the Using perimeter option, the label will be drawn next to the polygon boundary. The label will behave like the parallel option for lines. You can define a position and a distance for the label. For the position, Above line, On line, Below line and Line orientation dependent position are possible. You can specify the distance between the label and the polygon outline, as well as the repeat interval for the label.

The Using perimeter (curved) option helps you draw the label along the polygon boundary, using a curved labeling. In addition to the parameters available with Using perimeter setting, you can set the Maximum angle between curved characters polygon, either inside or outside.

../../../_images/polygon_label_placement.png

Label placement examples in polygons¶

In the priority section you can define the priority with which labels are rendered for all three vector layer types (point, line, polygon). This placement option interacts with the labels from other vector layers in the map canvas. If there are labels from different layers in the same location, the label with the higher priority will be displayed and the others will be left out.

描画 ¶

In the Rendering tab, you can tune when the labels can be rendered and their interaction with other labels and features.

Label options ¶

Under Label options:

You find the scale-based and the Pixel size-based visibility settings.
The Label z-index determines the order in which labels are rendered, as well in relation with other feature labels in the layer (using data-defined override expression), as with labels from other layers. Labels with a higher z-index are rendered on top of labels (from any layer) with lower z-index.

Additionally, the logic has been tweaked so that if two labels have matching z-indexes, then:
- if they are from the same layer, the smaller label will be drawn above the larger label
- if they are from different layers, the labels will be drawn in the same order as their layers themselves (ie respecting the order set in the map legend).
注釈

This setting doesn't make labels to be drawn below the features from other layers, it just controls the order in which labels are drawn on top of all the layers' features.
While rendering labels and in order to display readable labels, QGIS automatically evaluates the position of the labels and can hide some of them in case of collision. You can however choose to Show all labels for this layer (including colliding labels) in order to manually fix their placement (see ラベルツールバー).
With data-defined expressions in Show label and Always Show you can fine tune which labels should be rendered.
Allow to Show upside-down labels: alternatives are Never, when rotation defined or always.

Feature options ¶

Under Feature options:

You can choose to label every part of a multi-part feature and limit the number of features to be labeled.
Both line and polygon layers offer the option to set a minimum size for the features to be labeled, using Suppress labeling of features smaller than.
For polygon features, you can also filter the labels to show according to whether they completely fit within their feature or not.
For line features, you can choose to Merge connected lines to avoid duplicate labels, rendering a quite airy map in conjunction with the Distance or Repeat options in the Placement tab.

Obstacles ¶

An obstacle is a feature QGIS tries as far as possible to not place labels over. From the Obstacles frame, you can manage the covering relation between labels and features:

Activate the Discourage labels from covering features option to decide whether features of the layer should act as obstacles for any label (including labels from other features in the same layer).

Instead of the whole layer, you can define a subset of features to use as obstacles, using the ^{data-defined override} control next to the option.
The priority control slider for obstacles allows you to make labels prefer to overlap features from certain layers rather than others. A Low weight obstacle priority means that features of the layer are less considered as obstacles and thus more likely to be covered by labels. This priority can also be data-defined, so that within the same layer, certain features are more likely to be covered than others.
For polygon layers, you can choose the type of obstacle the features could be, by minimising the labels placement:
- over the feature's interior: avoids placing labels over the interior of the polygon (prefers placing labels totally outside or just slightly inside the polygon)
- or over the feature's boundary: avoids placing labels over boundary of the polygon (prefers placing labels outside or completely inside the polygon). E.g., it can be useful for regional boundary layers, where the features cover an entire area. In this case, it's impossible to avoid placing labels within these features, and it looks much better to avoid placing them over the boundaries between features.