Важно

Translation is a community effort you can join. This page is currently translated at 26.00%.

4. Рекомендации по переводу

This manual is aiming to help the translator. First the general process of how technically a translation is done is explained. Later the translation is explained from an actual English rst document that is translated to Dutch. Finally a summary of Rules of translation is given.

Примечание

Although these guidelines focus on QGIS documentation, the methods and the rules described below are also applicable to QGIS applications and website translation.

4.1. Процесс перевода

QGIS Documentation is written in English with .rst files. In order to provide translations:

1. A prebuild script creates translation files named .po files for the English language in the folder /QGIS-Documentation/locale/en.

2. The sentences in the .po files are pushed to the Transifex web platform, and made available for translators who can begin to translate from English to their language with the editor.

3. When a file is translated at 100%, the translated strings are automatically pulled back to the documentation repository, under /QGIS-Documentation/locale/<language>.

4. At the next build of the documentation (which occurs at least once a day – see time at the bottom of the page), a script reuses the sentences to create translated output.

5. For files not fully translated, a script pulls every two weeks translated strings from Transifex to Github and these are as well published at the next build.

6. Whenever an .rst file is updated, the English .po file is updated and the changes are pushed to the corresponding file in Transifex. This means that when a new paragraph is added to an .rst document that was already translated, only the new/updated sentences are added to the translated .po file and needs to be translated.

Примечание

Translating QGIS Desktop specificities

The main difference with translating QGIS applications is that instead of .po files, all the translatable strings in the .py, .cpp, .yaml files that shape a particular version of the application are pushed to and pulled from Transifex as a single .ts file (e.g. qgis-application/qgis_en.ts (branch release-3_30) ). Translations are pulled to Github in development branch (daily), and at release time (for every released versions).

На данный момент для перевода QGIS используются два различных инструмента:

• The Transifex web platform, the easiest and recommended way to translate QGIS, transparently does the process described above and pulls all the translatable texts in one place for the translator. Just pick the files you want and translate. Translated files are stored in the platform until another release is pushed.

• Qt Linguist, a Qt development tool, requires the translator to pull locally the .po (or .ts) files from the source code, translate and then push back.

Note that whatever tool you choose, rules of translations are the same.

4.2. Translate a file

Для иллюстрирования процесса перевода мы возьмем описание модуля теплокарта. В этом примере мы выполним перевод с английского на голландский, но общие принципы будут одинаковы и для остальных языков и документов.

The source of the document can be found here:

QGIS-Documentation/source/docs/user_manual/plugins/plugins_heatmap.rst

Почему мы выбрали именно этот файл?

1. It includes images, captions, headers, references and replacements.

2. И кроме того, его автором являюсь я, так что мне проще его переводить ;-).

The build process has created the English .po file which can be found here:

QGIS-Documentation/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/docs/user_manual/plugins/plugins_heatmap.po

The equivalent Dutch .po file (basically a copy) can be found here:

QGIS-Documentation/locale/nl/LC_MESSAGES/docs/user_manual/plugins/plugins_heatmap.po

Along this file you will see a tiny .mo file which indicates that it does not hold any translations yet.

4.2.1. Перевод в Transifex

In order to translate using Transifex, you need to:

1. create an account on Transifex and join the QGIS project.

2. Once you are part of a language team, click on the corresponding project (in this case QGIS Documentation). A list of available languages with their ratio of translation is displayed.

   

   Рис. 4.20 Select language for translation in the Transifex menu

3. Hover over your language and click either:

   • View resources: translatable .po files with their ratio of translation, number of strings and some more metadata are now displayed.

   • or Translate: opens the interface of translation with all the available .po files

4. Identify the file you’d like to translate (in our case we are looking for the docs_user-manual_plugins_plugins-heatmap, the heatmap plugin file) or any unfinished file and click on it: strings in the files are loaded and you can use the interface to filter, translate, suggest translation…

   Совет

   For the documentation or the website, clicking the Fix me link in the footer of a page brings you directly to its corresponding translation page in Transifex.

5. All you need to do is select each text and translate following the guidelines.

For further information on the use of Transifex Web Editor, see https://help.transifex.com/en/articles/6318216-translating-with-the-web-editor.

4.2.2. Перевод в Qt Linguist

With Qt Linguist, you need to:

1. manually grab the .po or .ts file(s). This can be achieved by downloading the file(s) either from Transifex platform or from the locale/$language folder of the source repository (in GitHub),

2. proceed to the translation locally

3. upload the modified files to their sources (Transifex or GitHub).

While downloading and uploading translatable files can be done with Transifex, it’s not advised to use this process. Since there’s no versioning system on Transifex, the file you upload will simply replace the existing one and potentially overwrite any modification made by others on the platform in the meantime.

When you open the file in Qt Linguist for the first time you will see the following dialog:

Рис. 4.21 Select language for translation in linguist menu

Поле «Язык перевода» должно быть заполнено правильно. В поле «Исходный язык» можно оставить значение по умолчанию POSIX, аналогично и с полем «Страна/Регион» — там можно оставить «Любая страна».

When you press the OK button Qt Linguist is filled with sentences and you can start translating, see Рис. 4.22.

Рис. 4.22 Translate using the linguist menu

На панели инструментов находится ряд кнопок, облегчающих работу.

• The Translation Done Next button, is the most important button. If the item needs translation, you enter a translation in the text field, then hit this button. If the item does not need translation just leave the text field for translation empty and also hit this button which indicates the item is done and you continue with the next item.

• Перейти к предыдущему переводу.

• Следующий перевод. Переходит к следующему элементу.

• linguist_next_todo| Следующий незавершённый перевод — выполняет переход к первому непереведённому элементу. Полезна, когда исходный документ был изменён и только новые/одновлённые строки нуждаются в переводе.

• Предыдущий незавершённый перевод, выполняет поиск в обратном направлении и переходит к первому найденному непереведённому элементу.

For further information on the use of Qt Linguist, see https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/linguist-translators.html

Предупреждение

If you want to download content to translate from the source repository, never do this in the master branch. For translations there are always translation branches available, once a document is fully updated in English for a certain version. As an example, to translate the manual of QGIS 2.8, you have to use the manual_en_v2.8 branch.

4.2.3. Перевод руководства пользователя

Теперь можно начинать перевод файла plugin_heatmap!

Translating most of the sentences should be straightforward. During this translation session I will point out which parts (rst statements) need special translation.

Below we see an interesting sentence to translate:

The |heatmap| :sup:`Heatmap` plugin allows to create a heatmap from a
point vector map. A heatmap is a raster map showing the density or
magnitude of point related information. From the result "hotspots" can
easily be identified.

Этот блок содержит два элемента разметки RST:

1. |heatmap| слова между | являются подстановками и никогда не переводятся! Они будут заменены другим текстом или изображением!

2. :sup:`Heatmap`, the :sup: statement is a superposition statement and prints the following text a bit higher. This is used to show the popup texts that appear when you hover above the toolbar item and this may be different when it is actually translated in the QGIS application. In the Dutch case it is not!

Весь остальной обычный текст можно переводить!

The next translation item contains the :ref: statement that is commonly used to refer to another section somewhere in the manual! The text following a :ref: statement should never be changed because it is a unique identifier!

First this core plugin needs to be activated using the Plugin Manager
(see Section :ref:`load_core_plugin`). After activation the heatmap icon
|heatmap| can be found in the Raster Toolbar.

In this case load_core_plugin is a unique reference identifier placed before an rst item that has a caption. The ref statement will be replaced with the text of the header and turned into a hyperlink. When the header this reference is referring to is translated, all references to this header will be automatically translated as well.

Следующий блок текста содержит элемент :menuselection: за которым следует текст пункта меню QGIS. Он должен быть переведён точно так же как и пункт меню в самом приложении.

Select from menu :menuselection:`View --> Toolbars --> Raster` to activate
the Raster Toolbar when it is not yet activated.

В нашем примере «View –>» будет переведено как «Beeld –>», так как именно такой перевод используется в голландской локализации QGIS.

Чуть позже мы встретим вот такой элемент:

The |heatmap| :sup:`Heatmap` tool button starts the Dialog of the Heatmap
plugin (see :numref:`figure_heatmap_settings`).

It holds a reference to a figure figure_heatmap_settings_, and like a reference to a section this reference should not be changed!! The reference definition from the rst-document is not included in the .po file and can therefore not be changed. This means the reference to figures can not be translated. When HTML is created you will see figure_heatmap_settings. When a PDF document is created figure_heatmap_settings_ is replaced with a figure number.

Следующий блок содержит несколько элементов разметки:

**Input Point dialog**: Provides a selection of loaded point vector maps.

Do not remove the stars in above line. It will print the text it holds in bold. The text itself is often text included in the dialog itself and may well be translated in the application.

Следующий блок текста содержит элемент :guilabel:.

When the |checkbox| :guilabel:`Advanced` checkbox is checked it will
give access to additional advanced options.

The text Advanced of the guilabel tag may well be translated in the QGIS application and probably needs to be changed!

The following translation item contains ``airports``. The quotes are used to give the text another text font. In this case it is a literal value and does not need translation.

For the following example, we will use the ``airports`` vector point
layer from the QGIS sample dataset (see :ref:`label_sampledata`).
Another excellent QGIS tutorial on making heatmaps can be found on
`https://www.qgistutorials.com
<https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/creating_heatmaps.html>`_.

This item also includes a hyperlink with an url and an external presentation. The url should of course be left intact, you are allowed to change the external text https://www.qgistutorials.com which is visible by the reader. Never remove the underscore at the end of the hyperlink which forms an essential part of it!!

4.2.4. Основные правила

1. Do not change text between two | characters like |bronze|, |checkbox|, |labels|, |selectString|, |addLayer| … These are special tags used to replace images

2. Do not change references that start with roles like :ref:, :file:, :numref: unless they include a title. In that case, you can translate the title but keep unchanged the link (i.e., the text between < and >)

   Совет

   When a title is provided for a reference, Transifex may display a number in the English source text in replacement of the link part. Click on the number in the source text to add the reference link next to the title being translated.

3. Do not change references that end with an underscore like figure_labels_1_

4. Do not change the url in hyperlinks, but you may change the external description. Leave the underscore at the end of the hyperlink, without additional spacing (>`_)

5. Change the text inside quotes following :index:, :sup:, :guilabel: and :menuselection: tags. Check if/how it is translated in the QGIS Application. Do not change the tag itself.

6. Text between double stars and double quotes often indicate values or fieldnames, sometimes they need translation sometimes not.

7. Be aware to use exactly the same (number of) special characters of the source text such as `, ``, *, **, ::. These contribute to the cosmetics of the information provided

8. Do not begin nor end the text hold by special characters or tags with a space

9. Do not end the translated strings with a new paragraph, otherwise the text will not be translated during the html generation.

Следуйте этим простым правилам и ваш перевод будет выглядеть хорошо!

For any question, please contact the QGIS Community Team or the QGIS Translation Team.