Janela das Propriedades da Camada Raster¶

Layer Info¶

The General tab displays basic information about the selected raster, including the layer source path, the display name in the legend (which can be modified), and the number of columns, rows and no-data values of the raster.

Coordinate Reference System¶

Displays the layer’s Coordinate Reference System (CRS) as a PROJ.4 string. You can change the layer’s CRS, selecting a recently used one in the drop-down list or clicking on ^{Select CRS} button (see Coordinate Reference System Selector). Use this process only if the CRS applied to the layer is a wrong one or if none was applied. If you wish to reproject your data into another CRS, rather use layer reprojection algorithms from Processing or Save it into another layer.

Renderizar banda¶

QGIS offers four different Render types. The renderer chosen is dependent on the data type.

1. Multiband color - if the file comes as a multiband with several bands (e.g., used with a satellite image with several bands)
2. Paletted - if a single band file comes with an indexed palette (e.g., used with a digital topographic map)
3. Singleband gray - (one band of) the image will be rendered as gray; QGIS will choose this renderer if the file has neither multibands nor an indexed palette nor a continuous palette (e.g., used with a shaded relief map)
4. Singleband pseudocolor - this renderer is possible for files with a continuous palette, or color map (e.g., used with an elevation map)

Multiband color

With the multiband color renderer, three selected bands from the image will be rendered, each band representing the red, green or blue component that will be used to create a color image. You can choose several Contrast enhancement methods: ‘No enhancement’, ‘Stretch to MinMax’, ‘Stretch and clip to MinMax’ and ‘Clip to min max’.

Raster Style - Multiband color rendering

This selection offers you a wide range of options to modify the appearance of your raster layer. First of all, you have to get the data range from your image. This can be done by choosing the Extent and pressing [Load]. QGIS can Estimate (faster) the Min and Max values of the bands or use the Actual (slower) Accuracy.

Now you can scale the colors with the help of the Load min/max values section. A lot of images have a few very low and high data. These outliers can be eliminated using the Cumulative count cut setting. The standard data range is set from 2% to 98% of the data values and can be adapted manually. With this setting, the gray character of the image can disappear. With the scaling option Min/max, QGIS creates a color table with all of the data included in the original image (e.g., QGIS creates a color table with 256 values, given the fact that you have 8 bit bands). You can also calculate your color table using the Mean +/- standard deviation x . Then, only the values within the standard deviation or within multiple standard deviations are considered for the color table. This is useful when you have one or two cells with abnormally high values in a raster grid that are having a negative impact on the rendering of the raster.

All calculations can also be made for the Current extent.

Paletted

This is the standard render option for singleband files that already include a color table, where each pixel value is assigned to a certain color. In that case, the palette is rendered automatically. If you want to change colors assigned to certain values, just double-click on the color and the Select color dialog appears. Also, in QGIS it’s possible to assign a label to the color values. The label appears in the legend of the raster layer then.

Raster Style - Paletted Rendering

Melhorar contraste

Singleband gray

This renderer allows you to render a single band layer with a Color gradient: ‘Black to white’ or ‘White to black’. You can define a Min and a Max value by choosing the Extent first and then pressing [Load]. QGIS can Estimate (faster) the Min and Max values of the bands or use the Actual (slower) Accuracy.

Raster Style - Singleband gray rendering

With the Load min/max values section, scaling of the color table is possible. Outliers can be eliminated using the Cumulative count cut setting. The standard data range is set from 2% to 98% of the data values and can be adapted manually. With this setting, the gray character of the image can disappear. Further settings can be made with Min/max and Mean +/- standard deviation x . While the first one creates a color table with all of the data included in the original image, the second creates a color table that only considers values within the standard deviation or within multiple standard deviations. This is useful when you have one or two cells with abnormally high values in a raster grid that are having a negative impact on the rendering of the raster.

Singleband pseudocolor

This is a render option for single-band files, including a continuous palette. You can also create individual color maps for the single bands here.

Raster Style - Singleband pseudocolor rendering

Three types of color interpolation are available:

1. Discrete
2. Linear
3. Exact

In the left block, the button ^{Add values manually} adds a value to the individual color table. The button ^{Remove selected row} deletes a value from the individual color table, and the ^{Sort colormap items} button sorts the color table according to the pixel values in the value column. Double clicking on the value column lets you insert a specific value. Double clicking on the color column opens the dialog Change color, where you can select a color to apply on that value. Further, you can also add labels for each color, but this value won’t be displayed when you use the identify feature tool. You can also click on the button ^{Load color map from band}, which tries to load the table from the band (if it has any). And you can use the buttons ^{Load color map from file} or ^{Export color map to file} to load an existing color table or to save the defined color table for other sessions.

In the right block, Generate new color map allows you to create newly categorized color maps. For the Classification mode ‘Equal interval’, you only need to select the number of classes and press the button Classify. You can invert the colors of the color map by clicking the Invert checkbox. In the case of the Mode ‘Continuous’, QGIS creates classes automatically depending on the Min and Max. Defining Min/Max values can be done with the help of the Load min/max values section. A lot of images have a few very low and high data. These outliers can be eliminated using the Cumulative count cut setting. The standard data range is set from 2% to 98% of the data values and can be adapted manually. With this setting, the gray character of the image can disappear. With the scaling option Min/max, QGIS creates a color table with all of the data included in the original image (e.g., QGIS creates a color table with 256 values, given the fact that you have 8 bit bands). You can also calculate your color table using the Mean +/- standard deviation x . Then, only the values within the standard deviation or within multiple standard deviations are considered for the color table.

Renderização Cor¶

For every Band rendering, a Color rendering is possible.

You can also achieve special rendering effects for your raster file(s) using one of the blending modes (see Blending Modes).

Further settings can be made in modifying the Brightness, the Saturation and the Contrast. You can also use a Grayscale option, where you can choose between ‘By lightness’, ‘By luminosity’ and ‘By average’. For one hue in the color table, you can modify the ‘Strength’.

Reamostragem¶

The Resampling option makes its appearance when you zoom in and out of an image. Resampling modes can optimize the appearance of the map. They calculate a new gray value matrix through a geometric transformation.

Raster Style - Color rendering and Resampling settings

When applying the ‘Nearest neighbour’ method, the map can have a pixelated structure when zooming in. This appearance can be improved by using the ‘Bilinear’ or ‘Cubic’ method, which cause sharp features to be blurred. The effect is a smoother image. This method can be applied, for instance, to digital topographic raster maps.

At the bottom of the Style tab, you can see a thumbnail of the layer, its legend symbol, and the palette.