QGIS as OGC Data Client¶

Visão Geral do Suporte WMS¶

QGIS currently can act as a WMS client that understands WMS 1.1, 1.1.1 and 1.3 servers. In particular, it has been tested against publicly accessible servers such as DEMIS.

A WMS server acts upon requests by the client (e.g., QGIS) for a raster map with a given extent, set of layers, symbolization style, and transparency. The WMS server then consults its local data sources, rasterizes the map, and sends it back to the client in a raster format. For QGIS, this format would typically be JPEG or PNG.

WMS is generically a REST (Representational State Transfer) service rather than a full-blown Web service. As such, you can actually take the URLs generated by QGIS and use them in a web browser to retrieve the same images that QGIS uses internally. This can be useful for troubleshooting, as there are several brands of WMS server on the market and they all have their own interpretation of the WMS standard.

As camadas WMS podem ser adicionadas facilmente, desde que saiba o URL de acesso ao servidor WMS, tenha uma ligação capaz a esse servidor, e que o servidor use HTTP como um mecanismo de transferência de dados.

Additionally, QGIS will cache your WMS responses (i.e. images) for 24h as long as the GetCapabilities request is not triggered. The GetCapabilities request is triggered everytime the [Connect] button in the [Add layer(s) from WMS(T)S Server] dialog is used to retrieve the WMS server capabilities. This is an automatic feature meant to optimize project loading time. If a project is saved with a WMS layer, the corresponding WMS tiles will be loaded from the cache the next time the project is opened as long as they are no older than 24H.

Visão Geral do Suporte WMTS¶

QGIS can also act as a WMTS client. WMTS is an OGC standard for distributing tile sets of geospatial data. This is a faster and more efficient way of distributing data than WMS because with WMTS, the tile sets are pre-generated, and the client only requests the transmission of the tiles, not their production. A WMS request typically involves both the generation and transmission of the data. A well-known example of a non-OGC standard for viewing tiled geospatial data is Google Maps.

De forma a exibir os dados a várias escalas aproximadas ao que o utilizador deseja ver, os conjuntos de mosaicos WMTS são produzidos a vários níveis de escala diferentes e são disponibilizados ao cliente SIG mediante pedido.

Este diagrama ilustra o conceito dos conjuntos de mosaicos

Conceito dos conjuntos de mosaicos WMTS

The two types of WMTS interfaces that QGIS supports are via Key-Value-Pairs (KVP) and RESTful. These two interfaces are different, and you need to specify them to QGIS differently.

1. In order to access a WMTS KVP service, a QGIS user must open the WMS/WMTS interface and add the following string to the URL of the WMTS tile service:

   "?SERVICE=WMTS&REQUEST=GetCapabilities"
   

   Um exemplo deste tipo de endereço é

   http://opencache.statkart.no/gatekeeper/gk/gk.open_wmts?\
     service=WMTS&request=GetCapabilities

   A camada topo2 funciona lindamente para testar neste WMTS. Adicionando esta linha e texto indica que é um serviço web WMTS que deverá ser usado em vez de o serviço WMS.

2. O serviço WMTS RESTful torna-se uma forma diferente, é um URL simples, a forma recomendada pela OGC é:

   {WMTSBaseURL}/1.0.0/WMTSCapabilities.xml

   This format helps you to recognize that it is a RESTful address. A RESTful WMTS is accessed in QGIS by simply adding its address in the WMS setup in the URL field of the form. An example of this type of address for the case of an Austrian basemap is http://maps.wien.gv.at/basemap/1.0.0/WMTSCapabilities.xml.

Seleccionar Servidores WMS/WMTS¶

The first time you use the WMS feature in QGIS, there are no servers defined.

Begin by clicking the ^{Add WMS layer} button on the toolbar, or selecting Layer ‣ Add WMS Layer....

The dialog Add Layer(s) from a Server for adding layers from the WMS server appears. You can add some servers to play with by clicking the [Add default servers] button. This will add two WMS demo servers for you to use: the WMS servers of the DM Solutions Group and Lizardtech. To define a new WMS server in the Layers tab, select the [New] button. Then enter the parameters to connect to your desired WMS server, as listed in table_OGC_wms:

Tabela 1 OGC : Parâmetros de Ligação WMS

If you need to set up a proxy server to be able to receive WMS services from the internet, you can add your proxy server in the options. Choose Settings ‣ Options and click on the Network & Proxy tab. There, you can add your proxy settings and enable them by setting Use proxy for web access. Make sure that you select the correct proxy type from the Proxy type drop-down menu.

Once the new WMS server connection has been created, it will be preserved for future QGIS sessions.

Carregar camadas WMS/WMTS¶

Once you have successfully filled in your parameters, you can use the [Connect] button to retrieve the capabilities of the selected server. This includes the image encoding, layers, layer styles and projections. Since this is a network operation, the speed of the response depends on the quality of your network connection to the WMS server. While downloading data from the WMS server, the download progress is visualized in the lower left of the WMS dialog.

Your screen should now look a bit like figure_OGC_add_wms, which shows the response provided by the European Soil Portal WMS server.

Dialog for adding a WMS server, showing its available layers

Codificação da Imagem

A secção Codificação de Imagem agora apresenta uma lista de formatos suportados pelo cliente e servidor. Escolha de acordo com as exigências de precisão da sua imagem.

Opções

O campo Opções fornece um campo de texto onde pode adicionar Nome da Camada para a camada WMS. Este nome irá ser apresentado na legenda após carregamento da camada.

Em baixo do nome da camada pode definir Tamanho do mosaico, se quiser configurar os tamanhos do mosaico (ex.: 256x256) para dividir o pedido do WMS em pedidos múltiplos.

O Limite de elementos para GetFeatureInfo define quais os elementos do servidor a consultar.

If you select a WMS from the list, a field with the default projection provided by the mapserver appears. If the [Change...] button is active, you can click on it and change the default projection of the WMS to another CRS provided by the WMS server.

Por fim, caso o servidor WMS suporte esta funcionalidade, pode activar Use contextual WMS-Legend. Assim, apenas apenas será mostradas a parte da legenda relevante para a extensão actual do mapa e não são incluído itens da legenda que não sejam visíveis no mapa actual.

Ordem das Camadas

O separador Ordem de Camada tem uma lista das camadas seleccionadas disponíveis do WMS actual ligado. Poderá reparar que algumas camadas expansíveis, isto significa que a camada pode ser exibida na escolha dos estilos de imagem.

You can select several layers at once, but only one image style per layer. When several layers are selected, they will be combined at the WMS server and transmitted to QGIS in one go.

Transparência

In this version of QGIS, the Global transparency setting from the Layer Properties is hard coded to be always on, where available.

Sistema de Referência de Coordenadas

A coordinate reference system (CRS) is the OGC terminology for a QGIS projection.

Cada Camada WMS pode ser apresentada em múltiplos SRC, depedendo da capacidade do servidor WMS.

To choose a CRS, select [Change...] and a dialog similar to Custom CRS Dialog will appear. The main difference with the WMS version of the dialog is that only those CRSs supported by the WMS server will be shown.

Pesquisar servidor¶

Within QGIS, you can search for WMS servers. Figure_OGC_search shows the Server Search tab with the Add Layer(s) from a Server dialog.

Dialog for searching WMS servers after some keywords

As you can see, it is possible to enter a search string in the text field and hit the [Search] button. After a short while, the search result will be populated into the list below the text field. Browse the result list and inspect your search results within the table. To visualize the results, select a table entry, press the [Add selected row to WMS list] button and change back to the Layers tab. QGIS has automatically updated your server list, and the selected search result is already enabled in the list of saved WMS servers in the Layers tab. You only need to request the list of layers by clicking the [Connect] button. This option is quite handy when you want to search maps by specific keywords.

Basicamente esta opção é um frontend para a API do http://geopole.org.

Mosaicos¶

Ao usar Serviços WMTS (WMS em cache) como

http://opencache.statkart.no/gatekeeper/gk/gk.open_wmts?\
  service=WMTS&request=GetCapabilities

you are able to browse through the Tilesets tab given by the server. Additional information like tile size, formats and supported CRS are listed in this table. In combination with this feature, you can use the tile scale slider by selecting View ‣ Panels ( or Settings ‣ Panels), then choosing Tile Scale Panel. This gives you the available scales from the tile server with a nice slider docked in.

Usar a Ferramenta Identificar¶

Once you have added a WMS server, and if any layer from a WMS server is queryable, you can then use the ^Identify tool to select a pixel on the map canvas. A query is made to the WMS server for each selection made. The results of the query are returned in plain text. The formatting of this text is dependent on the particular WMS server used.

Selecção do formato

Se múltiplos formatos são suportados pelo servidor, uma caixa de combinação com os formatos suportados é automaticamente adicionado aos resultados da janela de identificação e o formato seleccionado irá armazenar no projecto para a camada.

Suporte do formato GML

The ^Identify tool supports WMS server response (GetFeatureInfo) in GML format (it is called Feature in the QGIS GUI in this context). If “Feature” format is supported by the server and selected, results of the Identify tool are vector features, as from a regular vector layer. When a single feature is selected in the tree, it is highlighted in the map and it can be copied to the clipboard and pasted to another vector layer. See the example setup of the UMN Mapserver below to support GetFeatureInfo in GML format.

# in layer METADATA add which fields should be included and define geometry (example):

"gml_include_items"   "all"
"ows_geometries"      "mygeom"
"ows_mygeom_type"     "polygon"

# Then there are two possibilities/formats available, see a) and b):

# a) basic (output is generated by Mapserver and does not contain XSD)
# in WEB METADATA define formats (example):
"wms_getfeatureinfo_formatlist" "application/vnd.ogc.gml,text/html"

# b) using OGR (output is generated by OGR, it is send as multipart and contains XSD)
# in MAP define OUTPUTFORMAT (example):
OUTPUTFORMAT
    NAME "OGRGML"
    MIMETYPE "ogr/gml"
    DRIVER "OGR/GML"
    FORMATOPTION "FORM=multipart"
END

# in WEB METADATA define formats (example):
"wms_getfeatureinfo_formatlist" "OGRGML,text/html"

Propriedades de Visualização

Uma vez ter adicionado o servidor WMS, pode ver as suas propriedades clicando com o direito do rato na legenda, e seleccionando Propriedades.

Separador dos Metadados

O separador Metadados exibem a riqueza de informação sobre o servidor WMS, geralmente recolhidos a partir da declaração de de Capacidades devolvidos a partir desse servidor. Muitas das definições podem ser removidas através da leitura dos padrões WMS (veja OPEN-GEOSPATIAL-CONSORTIUM Literatura e Referências Web), mas aqui estão algumas definições uteis:

• Propriedades do Servidor

  • Versão do WMS — Versão do WMS suportada pelo servidor.

  • Image Formats — The list of MIME-types the server can respond with when drawing the map. QGIS supports whatever formats the underlying Qt libraries were built with, which is typically at least image/png and image/jpeg.
  • Identity Formats — The list of MIME-types the server can respond with when you use the Identify tool. Currently, QGIS supports the text-plain type.

• Propriedades da Camada

  • Seleccionado — Se esta camada foi ou não seleccionada quando o servidor foi adicionado a este projecto.

  • Visible — Whether or not this layer is selected as visible in the legend (not yet used in this version of QGIS).

  • Pode Identificar — Se a camada retorna ou não resultados quando a ferramenta Identificar é usada.

  • Can be Transparent — Whether or not this layer can be rendered with transparency. This version of QGIS will always use transparency if this is Yes and the image encoding supports transparency.
  • Can Zoom In — Whether or not this layer can be zoomed in by the server. This version of QGIS assumes all WMS layers have this set to Yes. Deficient layers may be rendered strangely.

  • Contagem em cascata — Os servidores WMS podem funcionar como proxies de outros servidores WMS de forma a obter dados matriciais para uma camada. Este campo mostra quantas vezes o pedido desta camada é redireccionado por outros servidores WMS para obter um resultado.

  • Fixed Width, Fixed Height — Whether or not this layer has fixed source pixel dimensions. This version of QGIS assumes all WMS layers have this set to nothing. Deficient layers may be rendered strangely.
  • WGS 84 Bounding Box — The bounding box of the layer, in WGS 84 coordinates. Some WMS servers do not set this correctly (e.g., UTM coordinates are used instead). If this is the case, then the initial view of this layer may be rendered with a very ‘zoomed-out’ appearance by QGIS. The WMS webmaster should be informed of this error, which they may know as the WMS XML elements LatLonBoundingBox, EX_GeographicBoundingBox or the CRS:84 BoundingBox.

  • SRC disponíveis — As projecções em que esta camada pode ser renderizada pelo servidor WMS. As mesmas encontram-se listadas no formato original WMS.

  • Disponível em estilo — Os estilos de imagem em que esta camada pode ser renderizada pelo servidor WMS.

Show WMS legend graphic in table of contents and composer¶

The QGIS WMS data provider is able to display a legend graphic in the table of contents’ layer list and in the map composer. The WMS legend will be shown only if the WMS server has GetLegendGraphic capability and the layer has getCapability url specified, so you additionally have to select a styling for the layer.

Se a legendaGraphic estiver disponível, é exibido em baixo da camada. é pequeno e tem de clicar nele para este ser aberto na sua dimensão real (devido à limitação da arquitectura do QgsLegendInterface). Ao clicar na legenda da camada irá ser aberto uma moldura com a legenda na sua resolução completa.

In the print composer, the legend will be integrated at it’s original (downloaded) dimension. Resolution of the legend graphic can be set in the item properties under Legend –> WMS LegendGraphic to match your printing requirements

A legenda irá exibir informação de contexto baseada na sua escala actual. A legenda WMS será exibida apenas se o WMS tiver capacidade GetLegendGraphic e a camada tiver um url getCapability específico, possa que possa seleccionar um estilo.

Limitações do Cliente WMS¶

Not all possible WMS client functionality had been included in this version of QGIS. Some of the more noteworthy exceptions follow.

Editar Configurações da Camada WMS

Once you’ve completed the ^{Add WMS layer} procedure, there is no way to change the settings. A work-around is to delete the layer completely and start again.

Servidores WMS que Requerem Autenticação

Actualmente o acesso público e serviços WMS protegidos são suportados. Os servidores WMS protegidos podem ser acedidos pela autenticação pública. Pode adicionar credenciais (opcionais) quando adiciona o servidor WMS. Veja a secção Seleccionar Servidores WMS/WMTS para detalhes.