Cargar capas¶

Capas Vectoriales¶

To load a vector layer, specify layer’s data source identifier, name for the layer and provider’s name:

layer = QgsVectorLayer(data_source, layer_name, provider_name)
if not layer.isValid():
  print "Layer failed to load!"

El identificador de la fuente de datos es una cadena y se especifica a cada proveedor de datos vectoriales. El nombre de la capa se utiliza en el widget de la lista de capa. Es importante validar si la capa se ha cargado satisfactoriamente. Si no fue así, se devuelve una instancia de capa no válida.

The quickest way to open and display a vector layer in QGIS is the addVectorLayer function of the QgisInterface:

layer = iface.addVectorLayer("/path/to/shapefile/file.shp", "layer name you like", "ogr")
if not layer:
  print "Layer failed to load!"

This creates a new layer and adds it to the map layer registry (making it appear in the layer list) in one step. The function returns the layer instance or None if the layer couldn’t be loaded.

La siguiente lista muestra cómo acceder a varias fuentes de datos utilizando los proveedores de datos vectoriales:

• OGR library (shapefiles and many other file formats) — data source is the path to the file:

  • for shapefile:

    vlayer = QgsVectorLayer("/path/to/shapefile/file.shp", "layer_name_you_like", "ogr")
    

  • for dxf (note the internal options in data source uri):

    uri = "/path/to/dxffile/file.dxf|layername=entities|geometrytype=Point"
    vlayer = QgsVectorLayer(uri, "layer_name_you_like", "ogr")
    

• PostGIS database — data source is a string with all information needed to create a connection to PostgreSQL database. QgsDataSourceURI class can generate this string for you. Note that QGIS has to be compiled with Postgres support, otherwise this provider isn’t available:

  uri = QgsDataSourceURI()
  # set host name, port, database name, username and password
  uri.setConnection("localhost", "5432", "dbname", "johny", "xxx")
  # set database schema, table name, geometry column and optionally
  # subset (WHERE clause)
  uri.setDataSource("public", "roads", "the_geom", "cityid = 2643")
  
  vlayer = QgsVectorLayer(uri.uri(False), "layer name you like", "postgres")
  

  Nota

  The False argument passed to uri.uri(False) prevents the expansion of the authentication configuration parameters, if you are not using any authentication configuration this argument does not make any difference.

• CSV or other delimited text files — to open a file with a semicolon as a delimiter, with field “x” for x-coordinate and field “y” for y-coordinate you would use something like this:

  uri = "/some/path/file.csv?delimiter=%s&xField=%s&yField=%s" % (";", "x", "y")
  vlayer = QgsVectorLayer(uri, "layer name you like", "delimitedtext")
  

  Nota

  The provider string is structured as a URL, so the path must be prefixed with file://. Also it allows WKT (well known text) formatted geometries as an alternative to x and y fields, and allows the coordinate reference system to be specified. For example:

  uri = "file:///some/path/file.csv?delimiter=%s&crs=epsg:4723&wktField=%s" % (";", "shape")
  

• Los archivos GPX — el proveedor de datos “gpx” lee los caminos, rutas y puntos de interés desde archivos GPX. Para abrir un archivo, el tipo (caminos/ruta/punto de interés) se debe especificar como parte de la url:

  uri = "path/to/gpx/file.gpx?type=track"
  vlayer = QgsVectorLayer(uri, "layer name you like", "gpx")
  

• SpatiaLite database — Similarly to PostGIS databases, QgsDataSourceURI can be used for generation of data source identifier:

  uri = QgsDataSourceURI()
  uri.setDatabase('/home/martin/test-2.3.sqlite')
  schema = ''
  table = 'Towns'
  geom_column = 'Geometry'
  uri.setDataSource(schema, table, geom_column)
  
  display_name = 'Towns'
  vlayer = QgsVectorLayer(uri.uri(), display_name, 'spatialite')
  

• Las geometrias basadas en WKB de MySQL, a través de OGR — la fuente de datos es la cadena de conexión a la tabla:

  uri = "MySQL:dbname,host=localhost,port=3306,user=root,password=xxx|layername=my_table"
  vlayer = QgsVectorLayer( uri, "my table", "ogr" )
  

• Conexión WFS:. se define con un URI y utiliza el proveedor WFS:

  uri = "http://localhost:8080/geoserver/wfs?srsname=EPSG:23030&typename=union&version=1.0.0&request=GetFeature&service=WFS",
  vlayer = QgsVectorLayer(uri, "my wfs layer", "WFS")
  

  La uri se puede crear utilizando la librería estándar urllib:

  params = {
      'service': 'WFS',
      'version': '1.0.0',
      'request': 'GetFeature',
      'typename': 'union',
      'srsname': "EPSG:23030"
  }
  uri = 'http://localhost:8080/geoserver/wfs?' + urllib.unquote(urllib.urlencode(params))
  

# layer is a vector layer, uri is a QgsDataSourceURI instance
layer.setDataSource(uri.uri(), "layer name you like", "postgres")

Capas ráster¶

For accessing raster files, GDAL library is used. It supports a wide range of file formats. In case you have troubles with opening some files, check whether your GDAL has support for the particular format (not all formats are available by default). To load a raster from a file, specify its file name and base name:

fileName = "/path/to/raster/file.tif"
fileInfo = QFileInfo(fileName)
baseName = fileInfo.baseName()
rlayer = QgsRasterLayer(fileName, baseName)
if not rlayer.isValid():
  print "Layer failed to load!"

Similarly to vector layers, raster layers can be loaded using the addRasterLayer function of the QgisInterface:

iface.addRasterLayer("/path/to/raster/file.tif", "layer name you like")

This creates a new layer and adds it to the map layer registry (making it appear in the layer list) in one step.

Las capas ráster también se pueden crear desde el servicio WCS:

layer_name = 'modis'
uri = QgsDataSourceURI()
uri.setParam('url', 'http://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wcs')
uri.setParam("identifier", layer_name)
rlayer = QgsRasterLayer(str(uri.encodedUri()), 'my wcs layer', 'wcs')

detailed URI settings can be found in provider documentation

Como alternativa se puede cargar una capa ráster desde un servidor WMS. Sin embargo actualmente no es posible acceder a las respuestas de GetCapabilities desde el API — se debe saber que capas desea:

urlWithParams = 'url=http://irs.gis-lab.info/?layers=landsat&styles=&format=image/jpeg&crs=EPSG:4326'
rlayer = QgsRasterLayer(urlWithParams, 'some layer name', 'wms')
if not rlayer.isValid():
  print "Layer failed to load!"

Map Layer Registry¶

If you would like to use the opened layers for rendering, do not forget to add them to map layer registry. The map layer registry takes ownership of layers and they can be later accessed from any part of the application by their unique ID. When the layer is removed from map layer registry, it gets deleted, too.

Adding a layer to the registry:

QgsMapLayerRegistry.instance().addMapLayer(layer)

Layers are destroyed automatically on exit, however if you want to delete the layer explicitly, use:

QgsMapLayerRegistry.instance().removeMapLayer(layer_id)

For a list of loaded layers and layer ids, use:

QgsMapLayerRegistry.instance().mapLayers()